Question 1

What belief did Murray and Maslow share?

Accepted Answer

Murray and Maslow both believed that humans are dynamic wholes and should not be divided into parts and pieces, emphasizing a holistic view of human nature.

Question 2

All of the following characterized Murray's years at Harvard, except one. Which did NOT characterize his years there?

Accepted Answer

While Murray did face some adversity and pushback from some colleagues during his time at Harvard, he did have a strong sense of belonging and support from other members of the department. This is evidenced by collaborations and friendships with colleagues such as Henry Murray and Gordon Allport.

Question 3

Murray condemned all except one of the following. Which did he NOT condemn?

Accepted Answer

Murray did not condemn a strong emphasis on the unconscious.

Question 4

One of Murray's most basic assumptions was

Accepted Answer

Murray believed in studying individual organisms to understand personality, emphasizing the importance of individual differences and the uniqueness of each person's psychological profile.

Question 5

The "long unit" refers to

Accepted Answer

The answer of The "long unit" refers to
...

Question 6

A "unitary trend" is

Accepted Answer

A "unitary trend" refers to the idea that behavior is organized and purposeful rather than random or chaotic. It implies that there is directionality and intentional action in a person's behavior.

Question 7

An actone is

Accepted Answer

An actone is a pattern of bodily movements in and of itself, divorced from its effect.

Question 8

Like Mischel, Murray recognized that

Accepted Answer

Murray recognized that temporal consistencies exist in personality, indicating that traits do have some degree of stability over time. While he did acknowledge cognitive factors and the importance of understanding individual differences, he still believed in the existence and usefulness of traits in understanding personality.

Question 9

Regnant refers to

Accepted Answer

Regnant refers to dominant configurations in the brain, specifically in the context of the theory of structural dissociation. It refers to the parts of the brain that are in control of behavior and emotions at any given moment.

Question 10

On which of the following defense mechanisms did whites and Asians score differently, according to Hibbard et al. (2000)?

Accepted Answer

Denial is the only defense mechanism on which whites and Asians scored differently, according to Hibbard et al. (2000).

Question 11

According to Ackerman et al. (1999) and Porcerelli et. al. (2001), which of the following represented the different symptoms of borderline personality patients and a serial-rapist-murderer, respectively?

Accepted Answer

According to Ackerman et al. (1999), borderline personality patients often have a vague or unstable sense of identity. Porcerelli et. al. (2001) described serial-rapist-murderers as exhibiting sadistic tendencies. None of the symptom descriptions in the answer choices match with the other terms used to describe these groups.

Question 12

According to Murray, "need" means

Accepted Answer

Murray defines "need" as a psychological construct that drives individuals to transform unsatisfying situations into satisfying ones by organizing perception, intellection, and action. Therefore, option D is the best choice. Options A, B, and C are related to concepts discussed by Murray but do not fully capture his definition of "need."

Question 13

How did Maslow and Murray differ greatly regarding the concept "need"?

Accepted Answer

Murray equated need to drive, suggesting that needs were psychobiological states that motivate behavior, while Maslow did not equate need with drive but rather saw needs as hierarchical, leading to self-actualization.

Question 14

To Murray, a need could be thought of as

Accepted Answer

Murray defined needs as consistent traits of personality that motivate behavior, indicating that they are not purely psychological phenomena or solely related to the environment. Needs are also not equivalent to ego elements or brain processes, but rather serve as key determinants of personality and behavior.

Question 15

All except one of the following was true of Murray's "need." Which was NOT true of his "need"?

Accepted Answer

This statement is not true of Murray's concept of "need." In fact, Murray believed that personality traits were often shaped by the needs and motives of an individual.

Question 16

Vicerogenic needs

Accepted Answer

Vicerogenic needs are basic physiological drives such as hunger, thirst, and sleep.

Question 17

Psychogenic needs

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychogenic needs
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Question 18

Vector(s)

Accepted Answer

Vectors refer to forces with directional properties, as they have both magnitude and direction. Option A describes aversive stimuli or negative reinforcement, which is not the definition of vector. Option C describes positive reinforcement, which is also not the definition of vector. Option D refers to the relationship between vectors and vicerogenic needs, but it is not a definition of vector itself.

Question 19

Adience

Accepted Answer

Adience refers to the positive-need-promoting vectors that describe movement toward objects and people. It is the opposite of avoidance, which refers to the negative-need-promoting vectors that describe movement away from objects and people.

Question 20

All except one of the following are examples of needs in the adience category. Which is NOT a need in the adience category?

Accepted Answer

n Noxavoidance is not a need in the audience category. The other three options, n Achievement, n Succorance, and n Order, are all needs in the audience category.

Quiz 15: Human Needs and Environmental Press: Henry a Murray