Question 1

Danny and Ron are coworkers in an office.When they have a conversation about work,they stand about 2-3 feet from each other as they chat.The amount of personal space people expect to have when interacting with a coworker is an example of which cultural component?
A)customs
B)laws
C)myths
D)values
E)artifacts

Accepted Answer

Personal space is a cultural custom.4

Question 2

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be described as a subculture?
A)Bank managers
B)Hispanics
C)College students
D)Southeasterners
E)Quakers

Accepted Answer

Bank managers are a professional group and do not share demographic characteristics or attitudes and values.

Question 3

All of the following are types of reference groups EXCEPT:
A)primary
B)secondary
C)personal
D)aspirational
E)nonaspirational

Accepted Answer

Primary and secondary reference groups are types of direct reference groups,and aspirational and nonaspirational reference groups are types of indirect reference groups.

Question 4

A value or attitude deemed acceptable by a group is called a(n):
A)expectation
B)reference
C)aspiration
D)opinion
E)norm

Accepted Answer

Norms are considered acceptable behavior by a given reference group.

Question 5

All of the following are characteristics of culture EXCEPT:
A)culture is pervasive
B)culture is learned
C)culture is functional
D)culture is an inherent trait
E)culture is dynamic

Accepted Answer

People are not born with culture--it is learned.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about reference groups is true?
A)Reference groups stimulate,but do not constrain,consumption behavior.
B)Reference groups have strong influence on all brands and product purchases.
C)A person can only belong to one reference group.
D)Reference groups serve as information sources and influence perceptions.
E)Understanding reference groups has not been helpful to marketers.

Accepted Answer

Reference groups directly influence consumer behavior and provide signals (information)for appropriate behavior,which is very useful for marketers to understand.

Question 7

As a marketing tool in the United States,social class:
A)is useful for lifestyle distinctions between groups.
B)is just a simple measure of income level.
C)offers few insights concerning consumer behavior.
D)is not used because the United States is a classless society.
E)has demonstrated that all classes of consumers shop in the same stores.

Accepted Answer

Lifestyles do differ between the existing classes in the United States,offering useful insights for marketers.

Question 8

Which category of reference groups represents groups in which a consumer does not have membership?
A)Direct
B)Indirect
C)Primary
D)Secondary
E)Incomplete

Accepted Answer

Indirect reference groups are groups consumers do not belong to,but they might aspire to belong to one (aspirational group)or not want to be associated with one (nonaspirational group).

Question 9

Dustin is a member of a fraternity that sees no problem of underage drinking.In fact,it is encouraged and expected the members will party and drink alcohol regardless of their age.For this group,drinking is considered a(n):
A)norm
B)requirement
C)expectation
D)affect
E)primer

Accepted Answer

Norms are values or attitudes deemed acceptable by a group.

Question 10

The fact that mothers in Japan feed their babies freeze-dried sardines and rice and most mothers in the United States would not eat a freeze-dried sardine,much less feed it to their babies,indicates how _____ influences the consumer decision-making process.
A)culture
B)perception
C)motivation
D)family life-cycle stage
E)reference group membership

Accepted Answer

Human interaction from one generation to the next shapes the habits of a society.This shaping of habits is a function of culture.

Question 11

A(n)_____ is a group of people in a society who are considered nearly equal in status or community esteem,who regularly socialize among themselves both formally and informally,and who share behavioral norms.
A)extended family
B)subculture
C)dissociative group
D)social class
E)procreational family

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of social class.

Question 12

An enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct is personally or socially preferable to an alternative mode of conduct is called a(n):
A)lifestyle
B)self-concept
C)attitude
D)value
E)perception

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of a value.

Question 13

Homogeneous groups of people who share elements of the overall culture as well as unique elements of their own group are called:
A)autonomous personal units
B)probability samples
C)subcultures
D)normative groups
E)dissociative groups

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of subculture.

Question 14

A direct reference group is composed of:
A)face-to-face membership groups that touch people's lives directly
B)only friends,neighbors,and relatives
C)role models on television and in the movies
D)people the individual does not want to be associated with
E)people an individual aspires to be like

Accepted Answer

Direct reference groups are face-to-face membership groups that touch people's lives directly,such as family,friends,coworkers,clubs,professional groups,and religious groups.

Question 15

Reference groups can be categorized very broadly as either:
A)primary or secondary
B)persuasive or nonpersuasive
C)direct or indirect
D)positive or negative
E)personal or nonpersonal

Accepted Answer

The two categorizations of reference group are direct and indirect.

Question 16

Social influences on consumer buying decisions include:
A)society,culture,and family
B)reference groups,society,opinion leaders,and family
C)personality,lifestyle,and reference groups
D)reference groups,opinion leaders,and family
E)lifestyle,reference groups,and family

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle and personality are individual influences.Culture and society are cultural factors.

Question 17

Which of the following best characterizes the underclass?
A)Highly educated underachievers whose incomes are below most comparably educated workers;often referred to as "slackers."
B)People who are not regularly employed and who depend primarily on the welfare system for sustenance;they have little schooling and live below the poverty line.
C)Individuals who derive most of their income from the "underground economy" and who tend to "fly under the radar" of the Internal Revenue Service.
D)Middle-level blue-collar workers largely working in skilled or semi-skilled service jobs;their income is below the national average.
E)Low-paid service workers and operatives;they have some high school education a below-mainstream living standard.

Accepted Answer

The underclass is characterized by poverty and dependence on welfare, along with little schooling and unemployment. Option B accurately represents these characteristics. The other options describe different socioeconomic groups or behaviors and do not fit the definition of the underclass.

Question 18

The most defining element of a culture is its:
A)customs
B)myths
C)language
D)laws
E)values

Accepted Answer

The most defining element of a culture is its values.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about culture as an influence on consumer buying behavior is true?
A)A firm that understands the culture it is selling to has just as great a probability of selling its product as a firm that has no understanding of the culture.
B)Some fear the proliferation of the Internet will increase cultural heterogeneity.
C)Language is an important aspect of culture.
D)Core values remain the same for all cultures.
E)All of the statements about culture as an influence on consumer buying behavior are true.

Accepted Answer

Without understanding a culture,a firm has little chance of selling its products in it.Some fear widespread use of the Internet will increase cultural homogeneity.Core values differ among cultures.

Question 20

A group in society,such as family,friends,or a professional organization,that influences an individual's purchasing behavior is called a(n):
A)reference group
B)conformist group
C)opinion group
D)social group
E)influential group

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of reference group.

Quiz 6: Consumer Decision Making

Danny and Ron are coworkers in an office.When they have a conversation about work,they stand about 2-3 feet from each other as they chat.The amount of personal space people expect to have when interacting with a coworker is an example of which cultural component?

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be described as a subculture?

All of the following are types of reference groups EXCEPT:

A value or attitude deemed acceptable by a group is called a(n) :

All of the following are characteristics of culture EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements about reference groups is true?

As a marketing tool in the United States,social class:

Which category of reference groups represents groups in which a consumer does not have membership?

Dustin is a member of a fraternity that sees no problem of underage drinking.In fact,it is encouraged and expected the members will party and drink alcohol regardless of their age.For this group,drinking is considered a(n) :

The fact that mothers in Japan feed their babies freeze-dried sardines and rice and most mothers in the United States would not eat a freeze-dried sardine,much less feed it to their babies,indicates how _____ influences the consumer decision-making process.

A(n) _____ is a group of people in a society who are considered nearly equal in status or community esteem,who regularly socialize among themselves both formally and informally,and who share behavioral norms.

An enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct is personally or socially preferable to an alternative mode of conduct is called a(n) :

Homogeneous groups of people who share elements of the overall culture as well as unique elements of their own group are called:

A direct reference group is composed of:

Reference groups can be categorized very broadly as either:

Social influences on consumer buying decisions include:

Which of the following best characterizes the underclass?

The most defining element of a culture is its:

Which of the following statements about culture as an influence on consumer buying behavior is true?

A group in society,such as family,friends,or a professional organization,that influences an individual's purchasing behavior is called a(n) :