Samantha Has Worked for Over 10 Years with Four Coworkers

Samantha has worked for over 10 years with four coworkers in a video game development company. She recently discovered that she and her coworker Jessica were making less than Tom, Justin, and Anthony. Why is it UNLIKELY that the equal-pay-for-work-of-equal-value policies can help her and Jessica to get their wages raised to match those of Tom, Justin, and Anthony?

A) Equal-pay-for-work-of-equal-value policies apply to only government jobs.
B) Video game development is a male-dominated industry, with males setting the rules.
C) Many equal-pay-for-work-of-equal-value policies do not apply to small firms.
D) It can be demonstrated that males are more proficient in video game design.