Question 1

Why is the library potentially a better source of information than the Internet?
A)Because it is better organized.
B)Because it probably contains more accurate information.
C)Because it has historical as well as current information.
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The library is potentially a better source of information than the Internet because it is better organized, probably contains more accurate information, and has historical as well as current information.

Question 2

Tracings, which appear toward the bottom of a card in the library's physical card catalog or electronic record, or the Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data in a book itself are valuable to look at because they provide you with information on
A)other terms, besides the one you used, that the book could be found under.
B)who has checked this book out most recently.
C)other books by this author.
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Tracings provide alternative terms or headings that the book could be searched for, helping to broaden your search possibilities. The other options, such as recent checkouts or other books by the same author, are not typically found in tracings.

Question 3

A source of information which provides a comprehensive treatment of subjects but can become quickly outdated is
A)the Library of Congress Subject Headings.
B)books.
C)periodicals.
D)newspapers.

Accepted Answer

Books provide a comprehensive treatment of subjects but can become quickly outdated due to the time it takes to publish them and the rapid advancement of knowledge in many fields.

Question 4

Which of the following indexes does NOT catalog scholarly journals and special interest publications.
A)General Science Index
B)Humanities Index
C)Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature
D)Social Science Index

Accepted Answer

The Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature is a comprehensive index that covers popular magazines and general interest periodicals, but it does not include scholarly journals or special interest publications. The General Science Index, Humanities Index, and Social Science Index all include scholarly journals and special interest publications in their coverage.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a test to be used in assessing the reliability of examples and illustrations?
A)Data accuracy.
B)Things will continue in the future as they have in the past.
C)The attitude of the observer.
D)The originality of the observation.

Accepted Answer

"Things will continue in the future as they have in the past" is not a valid test to assess the reliability of examples and illustrations. The other options - data accuracy, the attitude of the observer, and the originality of the observation - all serve as relevant criteria for evaluating the reliability of examples and illustrations.

Question 6

When a portion, or sample, of a population of people, events, or phenomena of a particular kind are observed, the resulting statistical data is termed
A)descriptive.
B)inferential.
C)unambiguous.
D)methodological.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a portion, or sample, of a...

Question 7

The reliability of the source of information is one test to perform when assessing the reliability of
A)artifacts.
B)examples and illustrations.
C)premises.
D)statistics.

Accepted Answer

The reliability of statistics depends on the source of information, the methods used to collect and analyze the data, and the sample size. Therefore, assessing the reliability of statistics requires examining the reliability of the source of information.

Question 8

are tested by having the audience employ their own senses for verification.
A)Statistics
B)Premises
C)Artifacts
D)Examples

Accepted Answer

Artifacts are objects or pieces of evidence that can be directly observed or examined by an audience, allowing them to use their own senses for verification. Unlike statistics, premises, or examples, which rely more on abstract reasoning or illustrative scenarios, artifacts provide tangible evidence.

Question 9

are that form of factual evidence which is accepted on the basis of uniform patterns of experience.
A)Statistics
B)Premises
C)Artifacts
D)Examples

Accepted Answer

The answer of are that form of factual evidence which...

Question 10

In scientific evidence, the variable which is hypothesized to produce changes in another variable is the
A)dependent variable.
B)hypothesized variable.
C)independent variable.
D)nuisance variable.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that is hypothesized to produce changes in another variable. It is independent because it can be changed or manipulated by the experimenter, while the dependent variable is the variable that is affected by the independent variable and its changes are measured in response to the independent variable. Nuisance variables are unwanted variables that can interfere with the study and must be controlled for or eliminated. The term "hypothesized variable" is not commonly used in scientific literature.

Question 11

Scientific evidence must meet the test of
A)source reliability.
B)statistical accuracy in data collection.
C)comparing things that are really comparable.
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientific evidence must meet the test of
A)source...

Question 12

What test of evidence must scientific evidence must meet?
A)The generalizability of settings.
B)The generalizability of subjects.
C)The consistency with other findings.
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Scientific evidence must meet the test of generalizability of settings and subjects as well as consistency with other findings. All of these factors are necessary to establish the validity and reliability of scientific evidence. Therefore, choice D, which includes all of these options, is the best answer.

Question 13

An audience will accept the opinion of an uncredentialed source
A)when the opinion was expressed recently.
B)when they view the opinion as expressing a premise.
C)if the opinion is internally consistent.
D)under no circumstances.

Accepted Answer

When the audience views the opinion as expressing a premise or underlying idea, they are more likely to accept it even if the source is uncredentialed. This is because the audience can evaluate the premise itself and find it logically sound or persuasive, regardless of the source's qualifications.

Question 14

What test of evidence must opinion evidence meet?
A)The source must be a qualified expert in the field by training or background.
B)The source must be relatively unbiased.
C)There must be a reliable factual basis for the opinion.
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Opinion evidence must meet all of the above criteria to be considered reliable and admissible in court. The source must be qualified, unbiased, and have a factual basis for their opinion.

Question 15

Experimental observations, statistics, expert opinion statements, premises, or artifacts, are common sources of
A)claims.
B)evidence.
C)warrants.
D)propositions.

Accepted Answer

Evidence refers to the information or data that supports a claim or proposition. Experimental observations, statistics, expert opinion statements, premises, or artifacts can all be used as evidence.

Question 16

Read the following argument and use it to answer question
Claim: Athletes receive preferential treatment in some classes.
Grounds: Members of the basketball team are allowed to miss classes without incurring the penalties imposed on non-athletes who miss classes.
Warrant: These conditions suggest preferential treatment of the athlete over the nonathlete by some professors.
Backing: Preferential treatment in the classroom is commonly recognized as being allowed to miss classes without penalty and being allowed to make up exams that have been missed.
-The type of evidence used as grounds in the argument stated above is
A)an example.
B)a premise.
C)an opinion.
D)a scientific report.

Accepted Answer

The evidence used is an example of a specific situation in which athletes are receiving preferential treatment.

Question 17

Read the following argument and use it to answer question
Claim: Athletes receive preferential treatment in some classes.
Grounds: Members of the basketball team are allowed to miss classes without incurring the penalties imposed on non-athletes who miss classes.
Warrant: These conditions suggest preferential treatment of the athlete over the nonathlete by some professors.
Backing: Preferential treatment in the classroom is commonly recognized as being allowed to miss classes without penalty and being allowed to make up exams that have been missed.
-The type of evidence used as backing in the argument stated above is
A)an example.
B)a premise.
C)an opinion.
D)a scientific report.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Read the following argument and use it...

Question 18

Read the following argument and use it to answer question
There is every reason to believe that the concussion crisis in NFL football will get worse. The speed and size of professional athletes have made American football more dangerous. Offensive linemen now average nearly 315 pounds-65 more pounds than they did 30 years ago. They launch that weight from a three-point stance, headfirst, at opposing linemen of nearly the same size. The impact of two such massive players produces a concussion in the cranium when the brain bangs against the skull. Professor of Neurology at Boston University, Dr. Ann McKee, notes, "when helmets clash, the head decelerates instantly, yet the brain continues to lurch forward, like a driver who jams the brakes on. Even though the skull is protected by a helmet, the brain itself is still in motion and a concussion is often the result."
-"Offensive linemen now average nearly 315 pounds-65 more pounds than they did 30 years ago" is
A)an example.
B)a statistic.
C)an opinion.
D)a scientific report.

Accepted Answer

The statement provides a specific and quantifiable measurement of the weight of offensive linemen, making it a statistic.

Question 19

Read the following argument and use it to answer question
There is every reason to believe that the concussion crisis in NFL football will get worse. The speed and size of professional athletes have made American football more dangerous. Offensive linemen now average nearly 315 pounds-65 more pounds than they did 30 years ago. They launch that weight from a three-point stance, headfirst, at opposing linemen of nearly the same size. The impact of two such massive players produces a concussion in the cranium when the brain bangs against the skull. Professor of Neurology at Boston University, Dr. Ann McKee, notes, "when helmets clash, the head decelerates instantly, yet the brain continues to lurch forward, like a driver who jams the brakes on. Even though the skull is protected by a helmet, the brain itself is still in motion and a concussion is often the result."
-Professor of Neurology at Boston University, Dr. Ann McKee statement, "when helmets clash, the head decelerates instantly, yet the brain continues to lurch forward, like a driver who jams the brakes on. Even though the skull is protected by a helmet, the brain itself is still in motion and a concussion is often the result" is
A)an example.
B)a statistic.
C)an opinion.
D)a scientific report.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Ann McKee's statement is her personal opinion as a professor of neurology.

Question 20

Read the following argument and use it to answer question
There is every reason to believe that the concussion crisis in NFL football will get worse. The speed and size of professional athletes have made American football more dangerous. Offensive linemen now average nearly 315 pounds-65 more pounds than they did 30 years ago. They launch that weight from a three-point stance, headfirst, at opposing linemen of nearly the same size. The impact of two such massive players produces a concussion in the cranium when the brain bangs against the skull. Professor of Neurology at Boston University, Dr. Ann McKee, notes, "when helmets clash, the head decelerates instantly, yet the brain continues to lurch forward, like a driver who jams the brakes on. Even though the skull is protected by a helmet, the brain itself is still in motion and a concussion is often the result."
-In assessing the reliability of Dr. McKee's statement we would be concerned about
A)the recency of the observation.
B)the comparability of units being compared.
C)the expertise of the source.
D)the generalizability of settings and subjects.

Accepted Answer

In assessing the reliability of Dr. McKee's statement, the main concern would be the expertise of the source as she is a Professor of Neurology at Boston University, making her qualified to comment on the medical aspects of concussions. The other factors, such as the recency of the observation, comparability of units being compared, and generalizability of settings and subjects are not relevant in this case.

Quiz 6: How Do I Prove My Argument

Why is the library potentially a better source of information than the Internet?

Tracings, which appear toward the bottom of a card in the library's physical card catalog or electronic record, or the Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data in a book itself are valuable to look at because they provide you with information on

A source of information which provides a comprehensive treatment of subjects but can become quickly outdated is

Which of the following indexes does NOT catalog scholarly journals and special interest publications.

Which of the following is NOT a test to be used in assessing the reliability of examples and illustrations?

When a portion, or sample, of a population of people, events, or phenomena of a particular kind are observed, the resulting statistical data is termed

The reliability of the source of information is one test to perform when assessing the reliability of

are tested by having the audience employ their own senses for verification.

are that form of factual evidence which is accepted on the basis of uniform patterns of experience.

In scientific evidence, the variable which is hypothesized to produce changes in another variable is the

Scientific evidence must meet the test of

What test of evidence must scientific evidence must meet?

An audience will accept the opinion of an uncredentialed source

What test of evidence must opinion evidence meet?

Experimental observations, statistics, expert opinion statements, premises, or artifacts, are common sources of