What are the methods economists use to incorporate the economic perspective in the SIR model? From a policy perspective, why are these methods important?

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The Answer is To study a pandemic, epidemiologists use the scientific method to forecast the spread of disease. Economists use the following methods to incorporate the economic perspective in the SIR model:
• Adding economic costs to the framework.
• Modifying the implications related to scale effects in the process of infections. The modified framework is less prone to the risk of overestimating the effect of policy interventions that affect both susceptible and infected persons.
• Introducing another population group, the "lucky", who start healthy and, for exogenous reasons, are never affected by the epidemic.
• Reducing the number of state variables to one simplify the model and make it closed-form solutions of embedded economic programs more likely.
• Tying the likelihood of infection to participation in labor and consumption markets. These modes of transmission, then, depend not just on how many people are susceptible and infected, but also on how much susceptible and infected people choose to consume or work.
From a policy perspective, these methods are important because they help predict many factors that can affect negatively the economy. For example, the model can help predict who is more subject to get sick, who is more subject to be unemployed, how many hospital beds and ventilators are needed, and the how the pandemic affect the consumption level.

What Are the Methods Economists Use to Incorporate the Economic