Question 1

Individuals with antisocial personality disorder are more likely to have:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals with antisocial personality disorder tend to have reduced gray matter in the prefrontal cortex, which is the area of the brain responsible for decision-making, impulsivity control, emotions, and moral reasoning. This impairment could contribute to the lack of empathy, guilt, and remorse characteristic of this disorder.

Question 2

Which of the following characterizes reactive aggression?

Accepted Answer

Reactive aggression is characterized by an increased autonomic responsiveness, which includes activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the release of stress hormones like cortisol. It is often a response to a perceived threat or provocation and is distinct from proactive aggression which is planned and purposeful. Psychopathy and hypoactivity of the amygdala may be associated with aggression, but they do not specifically characterize reactive aggression.

Question 3

Which of the following is associated with proactive aggression?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is associated with...

Question 4

Individuals who have committed murder in "a fit of rage" have been found to have:

Accepted Answer

Reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex has been associated with impulsive behavior and reduced emotional regulation, leading to outbursts of anger and violence. This could explain why individuals in a fit of rage may commit murder without considering the consequences of their actions.

Question 5

Premenstrual syndrome may be triggered by:

Accepted Answer

Low estrogen levels trigger premenstrual syndrome.

Question 6

Which of the following characterizes the relationship between brain serotonin and aggression?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that increased serotonin activity in the brain inhibits aggression, while decreased serotonin activity leads to increased aggression.

Question 7

Males who have been convicted of violent crimes have been found to have ___ levels.

Accepted Answer

Males who have been convicted of violent crimes have been found to have higher levels of testosterone. Studies have shown that testosterone is linked to aggressive behavior and may contribute to higher rates of violence in males.

Question 8

Activation of the periaqueductal gray produces:

Accepted Answer

The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is involved in modulating pain and is known to play a role in defensive behaviors, including defensive and predatory aggression.

Question 9

There is ___ evidence that human aggression is affected by manipulation of testosterone levels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is ___ evidence that human aggression...

Question 10

Whereas ___ aggression is accompanied by signs of emotional arousal,___ aggression is emotionless.

Accepted Answer

Affective aggression is driven by emotion, often anger or fear, while predatory aggression is calculated and lacks emotional arousal, typically seen in predators hunting their prey.

Question 11

Defensive and predatory aggression in cats involves which three structures in the brain?

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is involved in both defensive and predatory aggression, while the hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of aggression and the periaqueductal gray is involved in the expression of aggressive behavior. The other choices do not include all three structures involved in aggression in cats.

Question 12

While alcohol consumption is often synonymous with violence and aggression,alcohol only seems to influence aggression in individuals with:

Accepted Answer

Alcohol can influence aggression in individuals with low serotonin levels because serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood and behavior. Low levels of serotonin are associated with increased aggression, and alcohol consumption can further exacerbate this condition, leading to heightened aggressive behaviors.

Question 13

When your cat stalks and pounces on a bird,the cat is quiet,seemingly a cold-blooded killer,indicative of ___ aggression,but the fighting between two male cats with all its howling,spitting,and hissing is indicative of ___ aggression.

Accepted Answer

The stalking and pouncing behavior of a cat on a bird is indicative of predatory aggression, which is a natural hunting behavior. The fighting between two male cats, characterized by howling, spitting, and hissing, is indicative of offensive aggression, which is related to territorial or dominance disputes.

Question 14

Brain tumors in humans can cause aggression when located in the ___ or the ___.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brain tumors in humans can cause aggression...

Question 15

What is the relationship between hormones and aggression in female criminals?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that dominant female criminals have higher levels of testosterone, which is associated with aggression. Estrogen levels have not consistently been linked with aggression in female criminals.

Question 16

Most researchers studying humans distinguish between ___ aggression,which is impulsive and emotional,and ___ aggression,which is premeditated and relatively emotionless.

Accepted Answer

Reactive aggression is a spontaneous response to a perceived threat or provocation, while proactive aggression is planned and premeditated. Offensive and affective aggression are not commonly used terms to describe the distinction between types of aggression, and predatory aggression specifically refers to aggression in non-human animals. Therefore, the most appropriate answer is C, reactive and proactive aggression.

Question 17

PMS-related aggressiveness may be decreased by:

Accepted Answer

Increasing progesterone levels has been shown to decrease PMS-related irritability and aggression.

Question 18

PET imaging has shown that people with impulsive aggression have decreased serotonin activity in the:

Accepted Answer

PET imaging has shown decreased serotonin activity in all three brain regions (prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and anterior cingulate gyrus) in individuals with impulsive aggression.

Question 19

Which of the following is consistent with an inhibitory role of serotonin in aggression?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is consistent with...

Question 20

Drugs that ___ serotonin levels ___ alcohol craving and consumption.

Accepted Answer

Drugs that increase serotonin levels can decrease alcohol craving and consumption. Serotonin is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep, and is also known to affect the rewarding effects of alcohol. Increasing serotonin levels can counteract the rewarding effects of alcohol and reduce the urge to drink. However, drugs that decrease serotonin levels may not have any effect on alcohol craving and consumption.

Quiz 8: Emotion and Health