A formal downward channel of communication includes:

Question

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A formal downward channel of communication involves the transmission of information from higher-level management to lower-level employees. Such communication is used to convey policies, procedures, instructions, and rules that must be followed by the employees. Therefore, changes in rules and procedures are a part of formal downward communication. The options A, B, and D are not necessarily a part of formal downward communication. Gathering and processing information can involve upward communication, and conflict resolution and feedback can involve horizontal communication as well.

A Formal Downward Channel of Communication Includes