The Classical Machine-Type Party Was Developed and Perfected

 The classical machine-type party was developed and perfected 

A)  in the nineteenth century, before the large-scale Irish and Italian immigrations. 
B)  in the nineteenth century, after the large-scale Irish and Italian immigrations. 
C)  at the time of the New Deal, when thousands of civil servants were jobless. 
D)  after World War II, when thousands of soldiers returned from Europe and the Pacific. 
E)  during the implementation of Great Society programs in the Deep South.