Question 1

The goal of sustainability transitions is to:

Accepted Answer

The goal of sustainability transitions is to encourage socio-technical system change, which involves transforming how society produces and consumes goods and services in an environmentally sustainable way, without compromising economic and social development goals. It does not aim to permanently halt the use of oil and gas, create jobs for the unemployed, or force people to adhere to a certain belief system when it comes to energy.

Question 2

A sustainability transition requires:

Accepted Answer

A sustainability transition involves various systemic changes, including coordinated changes to the subsystems of the regime and radical changes to socio-technical systems. It also involves long timeframes, as such shifts do not happen overnight. Additionally, creating or altering products/services, business models, and organizations is crucial for transitioning to a sustainable future. Hence, all of the above are necessary for a sustainability transition.

Question 3

Windows of opportunity in the innovation process do not typically result in the creation and diffusion of new technologies

Accepted Answer

Windows of opportunity can create the necessary conditions for innovation to occur, leading to the creation and diffusion of new technologies.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a pathway to socio-technical change?

Accepted Answer

Selective is not typically recognized as a pathway to socio-technical change, whereas pragmatic, proactive, and reactive are common approaches.

Question 5

Actors at a national governance level have the ability to lead or structure a sustainability transition

Accepted Answer

Actors at a national governance level, such as government officials and policy makers, have the power to implement sustainable economic, social, and environmental policies that can lead or facilitate a transition towards sustainability. Their leadership and decision-making can play a crucial role in shaping the future of sustainability efforts in a country.

Question 6

The most important competence for sustainability professionals is ___:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most important competence for sustainability professionals...

Question 7

Review Table 7.1. in the text How many levels of governance can actors interact in during a sustainability transition?

Accepted Answer

Actors can interact at four levels of governance during a sustainability transition: local, regional, national, and international.

Question 8

Socio-technical system change is a function of:

Accepted Answer

Socio-technical system change involves changes not just to institutions and infrastructures, but also involves the interaction between the regime and niche actors, as well as the coordination provided by intermediaries. Therefore, the best choice is C, as it encompasses all of these components.

Question 9

Which actor plays the most active and direct role in sustainability transitions and why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which actor plays the most active and...

Question 10

Many niches are nested within a landscape, and many landscapes are nested within a regime:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many niches are nested within a landscape,...

Question 11

Which of the following is not a regime subsystem?

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed (Financial, Science, Political, and Intermediaries) are considered regime subsystems in the context of socio-technical systems. These subsystems play a role in shaping and maintaining the structure and function of a given regime, influencing its stability and capacity for innovation or change.

Question 12

Regime destruction is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Regime destruction is characterized by rapid shocks from the landscape or interventions with strategies and instruments that aim to change the nature and extent of interactions between the subsystems. This means that the regime is destroyed quickly and in a disruptive way, rather than through a slow and gradual process. Option B is incorrect because it describes a slow process, and option C is incorrect because it refers to shocks from the niche rather than the landscape. Option D is also incorrect because it implies that a new regime is completely constructed instead of just the interactions between subsystems being changed.

Question 13

Niche creation processes include:

Accepted Answer

Niche creation processes include niche experiments and niche empowerment strategies. Regime empowerment strategies and landscape experiments are not directly related to niche creation, and firm interaction at the regime level with a large investment of human and financial capital may be a component of niche creation but is not a specific process.

Question 14

The process that leads to the creation and diffusion of technological, social, or policy innovations is termed _________.

Accepted Answer

The process that leads to the creation and diffusion of technological, social, or policy innovations is termed sustainable niche experiments. Sustainable regime experiments refer to the process of changing existing systems and structures, while sustainable incubator and accelerator experiments refer to specific environments for innovation development and growth.

Question 15

This strategy for niche development suggests that within the wider social world the rules of the game need to be changed:

Accepted Answer

The strategy of stretch-and-transform suggests that the existing rules and boundaries within a niche need to be stretched and transformed in order to create new opportunities and differentiation. This approach is focused on innovation and creativity within the niche, rather than simply conforming to existing norms (choice A) or expanding and realigning within existing boundaries (choice B).

Question 16

A challenge for green innovation is creating a protective environment for new technologies and entrepreneurs

Accepted Answer

Green innovation often involves new technologies and entrepreneurs who may face barriers to entry or protection from established industries or regulations. Providing a supportive environment for these innovators can be crucial for their success and the widespread adoption of green technologies.

Question 17

Which of the following is a possible consequence of high levels of niche protection?

Accepted Answer

High levels of niche protection can lead to complacency and vulnerability as firms may not innovate or adapt, assuming their niche is secure.

Question 18

Niche creation, empowerment, protection, and nurturing can all be facilitated by groups of actors within what?

Accepted Answer

A transition arena is a platform where various stakeholders come together to facilitate niche creation, empowerment, protection, and nurturing, often in the context of sustainability transitions.

Question 19

How many phases exist within the process of strategic niche management

Accepted Answer

There are five phases within the process of strategic niche management: identification of a niche opportunity, creation of a niche market, expansion of the niche market, consolidation of the niche market, and mainstreaming or exit from the niche market.

Question 20

Which of the following are alternative interactive mechanisms when a formal transition arena is not possible?

Accepted Answer

All of the options (A, B, C, D) represent alternative interactive mechanisms when a formal transition arena is not possible. These interactions facilitate the exchange of ideas, technologies, and practices between different levels of societal, technological, or ecological systems, contributing to systemic change or innovation.

Quiz 7: Sustainability-Oriented Socio-Technical Systems in Relation to Transition Theory