Question 1

Resource holding, where a job holds on to one resource while waiting for another one that's not yet available, could be sidestepped by forcing each job to request, at creation time, every resource it will need to run to completion.

Accepted Answer

If a job requests all the resources it will need at creation time, it will not have to hold on to any resource while waiting for another one to become available, thus avoiding resource holding.

Question 2

It is easy to design a foolproof deadlock prevention policy.

Accepted Answer

Designing a foolproof deadlock prevention policy can be quite challenging as it requires careful analysis and consideration of various factors such as resource allocation, process scheduling, and concurrency control. Despite the best efforts, there is always a possibility of unforeseen circumstances arising that may lead to deadlock. Therefore, it is difficult to design a policy that guarantees 100% prevention of deadlock.

Question 3

Locking can be done only at the level of the entire database.

Accepted Answer

Locking can be done at different levels like table level, row level, or even at the level of a single data item - depending on the database management system being used.

Question 4

Deadlock was a serious problem for early batch systems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deadlock was a serious problem for early...

Question 5

Most systems have transformed the printer into a sharable device by installing a high-speed device, a disk, between it and the CPU.

Accepted Answer

By installing a high-speed device, such as a disk, between the printer and CPU, printers can be transformed into sharable devices in most computer systems.

Question 6

Mutual exclusion should be eliminated from a computer system to avoid deadlock.

Accepted Answer

Mutual exclusion is a key aspect of ensuring that only one process or thread can access a critical section of code at a time, which can prevent race conditions and data corruption. While it can contribute to the potential for deadlock if not properly implemented, eliminating mutual exclusion altogether is not a practical or effective solution. Instead, other techniques such as deadlock detection and avoidance can be used to manage potential issues with mutual exclusion.

Question 7

Deadlocks are most serious in real-time systems.

Accepted Answer

In real-time systems, deadlocks can cause delays or even system failures, which can be very serious. Real-time systems often have strict timing requirements and cannot afford to waste time waiting for deadlocks to resolve. Therefore, deadlocks are more serious in real-time systems than in non-real-time systems.

Question 8

In many cases, there exists at least one allocation of resources sequence that will allow jobs to continue without becoming deadlocked.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Deadlock is a situation where two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for one of the others to do something. In a resource allocation system, deadlock can occur when resources are not allocated properly. However, in most cases, there is at least one allocation of resources sequence that will allow jobs to continue without becoming deadlocked. This can be achieved through various resource allocation algorithms and techniques, such as the banker's algorithm, resource allocation graph, etc.

Question 9

When modeling deadlock, if there's a cycle in the graph, then there is a deadlock involving the processes and the resources in the cycle.

Accepted Answer

A cycle in the graph indicates that one or more processes are holding resources that are needed by other processes in the cycle, leading to a deadlock situation. Therefore, if there's a cycle in the graph, there is a deadlock involving the processes and resources in the cycle.

Question 10

According to the Banker's Algorithm an unsafe state always leads to deadlock.

Accepted Answer

An unsafe state is not guaranteed to lead to a deadlock; it simply means that there is a possibility that a sequence of allocations could lead to a situation where no progress is possible, but it does not ensure that a deadlock will occur.

Question 11

Deadlock is a system-wide tangle of resource requests that begins when two or more jobs are put on hold, each waiting for a vital resource to become available.

Accepted Answer

This is an accurate description of a deadlock.

Question 12

A race introduces the element of chance, an element that is desirable in database management.

Accepted Answer

In database management, consistency, reliability, and predictability are desirable, not chance.

Question 13

In a directed graph used to model deadlock, processes are represented using squares.

Accepted Answer

In a directed graph used to model deadlock, resources are represented using squares and processes are represented using circles.

Question 14

A deadlock is preceded by five simultaneous conditions that are not necessary for the operating system to run smoothly.

Accepted Answer

A deadlock is preceded by four necessary conditions: mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, and circular wait. These conditions are necessary for a deadlock to occur, not for the system to run smoothly.

Question 15

If locks are not used to preserve their integrity, the updated records in a database might include only some of the data-and their contents would depend on the order in which each process finishes its execution.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. If locks are not used to ensure that processes access the database in the correct order, incomplete or inconsistent data can be returned. The specific data returned would depend on which process finished first and updated the database before the other processes had a chance to access it.

Question 16

The operating system must be sure never to satisfy a request that moves it from a safe state to an unsafe one.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The operating system is responsible for ensuring the safety and stability of the system, so it must avoid any actions that could cause it to move from a safe state to an unsafe one. This is typically achieved through various mechanisms, such as resource allocation and scheduling policies, that prevent processes from interfering with each other and causing system instability.

Question 17

Although the Banker's Algorithm has been used to avoid deadlocks in systems with a few resources, it isn't always practical for most systems.

Accepted Answer

The Banker's Algorithm is useful for small systems with a limited number of resources but it becomes impractical for larger, more complex systems.

Question 18

Deadlock does not usually affect the entire system.

Accepted Answer

Deadlock can affect multiple processes or threads, and this can impact the performance and functionality of the entire system.

Question 19

A livelock is caused by two processes accessing different areas of the same disk.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A livelock is caused by two processes...

Question 20

One problem with the Banker's Algorithm is that resources aren't well utilized because the algorithm assumes the worst case and, as a result, keeps vital resources unavailable to guard against unsafe states.

Accepted Answer

The Banker's Algorithm is designed to prevent unsafe states in resource allocation by assuming the worst case scenario. While this approach ensures that no deadlocks occur, it may result in resources being kept unavailable even when they could be safely utilized. Therefore, the statement is true.

Quiz 5: Process Management