Question 1

During a menstrual cycle, what is the purpose of the uterine lining buildup?

Accepted Answer

The purpose of the uterine lining buildup is to prepare for a potential pregnancy. If fertilization and implantation of a fertilized egg occur, the uterine lining will provide a nourishing environment for the growing embryo. If fertilization does not occur, the uterine lining will be shed during menstruation. The buildup of the uterine lining does not play a role in ridding the body of toxins or maintaining blood circulation throughout the reproductive system.

Question 2

Sadaf has irregular menstruation, is overweight, has excessive body and facial hair, and acne. What condition does Sadaf most likely have?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are consistent with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder in women. PCOS can cause irregular periods, weight gain, excessive hair growth, and acne. Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition that typically occurs after the use of certain types of tampons. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is another menstrual disorder that can cause irregular bleeding, but it does not typically cause the other symptoms described. Premenopausal dysphoric syndrome (PMDS) is a mood disorder that can occur before menstruation, but it does not typically cause the physical symptoms described.

Question 3

What is one reason why menstrual suppression may be preferable to having monthly periods?

Accepted Answer

Menstrual suppression can help regulate hormones, reducing the fluctuation of estrogen and progesterone levels throughout the menstrual cycle. This can alleviate symptoms of PMS, such as mood swings and anxiety.

Question 4

What are the four main areas of PMDD symptoms?

Accepted Answer

The four main areas of PMDD symptoms are mood (including depression, irritability, and anxiety), behavioral (including fatigue, insomnia, and changes in appetite), somatic (including headaches, bloating, and breast tenderness), and cognitive (including difficulty concentrating and forgetfulness). Option D matches these four areas, making it the best choice.

Question 5

Sara is experiencing vaginal burning and rawness along with a sometimes stabbing pain in the vaginal area. Although her gynecologist has been unable to identify a specific cause, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Vulvodynia is a condition characterized by chronic vulvar pain and discomfort, including burning, rawness, and sometimes stabbing pain. It is often difficult to identify a specific cause, and diagnosis is made based on the patient's symptoms and ruling out other conditions.

Question 6

What is TRUE about withdrawal bleeding which occurs when a woman taking birth control pills stops taking them for a week?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is TRUE about withdrawal bleeding which...

Question 7

What is the age range in which menopause will typically occur?

Accepted Answer

Menopause typically occurs in women between the ages of 40 and 58. This is when they naturally stop having menstrual periods for at least 12 months.

Question 8

How much fluid (including tissue and blood) is typically released during the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

On average, 2-4 tablespoons (30-60 ml) of fluid is released during the menstrual cycle, including blood, tissue, and cervical mucus.

Question 9

According to your text book, what is a Pap test used for?

Accepted Answer

A Pap test, also known as a Pap smear, is used to examine cells scraped from the cervix for abnormal changes that may indicate the presence of cancer or pre-cancerous cells.

Question 10

A women who wants to reduce the severity of menstrual cramping without medication might find all of the following helpful, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Moderate alcohol use can actually worsen menstrual cramps. Therefore, the answer is B. The other options (A, C, D) are all helpful in reducing the severity of menstrual cramping.

Question 11

What is a specific risk factor that can contribute to PMDD?

Accepted Answer

All of the above are known risk factors that can contribute to the development of PMDD. A history of major depression can increase the likelihood of developing PMDD, while sexual abuse has been linked to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, including PMDD. Cigarette smoking is also a known risk factor for a variety of health problems, including PMDD.

Question 12

Decreasing estrogen during the years leading up to and after menopause can lead to all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Decreasing estrogen during menopause and perimenopause can result in various symptoms, but enlargement of the clitoris and labia is not one of them. The other options (growth of hair on upper lip and chin, increased risk for osteoporosis, and vaginal dryness) are all potential effects of decreased estrogen levels during this time.

Question 13

What statement best describes findings related to the treatment of PMS and PMDD?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the majority of women with PMS and PMDD respond well to treatment, which may include lifestyle changes, medication, or a combination of both. While some treatments may have side effects, they are typically manageable and outweighed by the benefits of symptom relief. Additionally, dietary modifications, such as reducing caffeine and sugar intake, can help to reduce symptoms for some women.

Question 14

What is the most probable diagnosis for a woman whose menstrual cycles are normal except that she experiences higher than normal menstrual flow?

Accepted Answer

Menorrhagia is a condition characterized by excessive menstrual bleeding or prolonged menstruation. It is the most likely diagnosis for a woman with normal menstrual cycles but higher than normal menstrual flow. Dysmenorrhea refers to painful periods, dysfunctional uterine bleeding refers to irregular or abnormal bleeding outside of normal menstruation, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a mood disorder associated with the menstrual cycle.

Question 15

What general statement is MOST accurate concerning hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

Accepted Answer

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has both pros and cons that need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The decision to use HRT should be based on an individual’s medical history and risk factors. It is not generally prescribed at the original dosage due to potential side effects. HRT has been associated with both increased osteoporosis and decreased risk of breast cancer, so it is important to weigh these and other factors when considering HRT.

Question 16

What statement is TRUE about menarche?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the average age of menarche is earlier for Black, non-Hispanic girls (12 years) compared to White (12.7 years) or Hispanic (12.6 years) girls.

Answer: D
 The age of menarche has been gradually increasing over the past century, likely due to factors such as improved nutrition and access to healthcare.

Question 17

Which woman is MOST likely to experience secondary amenorrhea?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which woman is MOST likely to experience...

Question 18

In which stage of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium reach its maximum thickness in preparation to receive and nourish a fertilized egg?

Accepted Answer

The luteal phase is the stage of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrium reaches its maximum thickness in preparation to receive and nourish a fertilized egg. This phase occurs after ovulation when the corpus luteum is present and secreting progesterone.

Question 19

Which of the following is a recent addition to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)?

Accepted Answer

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is the recent addition to DSM-5, whereas the other options (amenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, and dysmenorrhea) were already included in earlier versions.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is TRUE about menstrual manipulation?

Accepted Answer

Menstrual manipulation can be done with pills that suppress the growth of the uterine lining, which prevents menstruation from occurring. The other statements are false.

Quiz 5: Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology