Question 1

Which of the following statements accurately describes motor development in middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

Girls tend to outperform boys in fine motor skills.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a change that occurs in a child's ability to process information during middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

The other three options describe changes that occur during middle childhood in a child's ability to process information. Specifically, children in middle childhood develop better attention, learn to identify important information, and improve their ability to retain information. However, there is no evidence to suggest that school-age children have a reduced need to use strategies to retain information. In fact, as they progress in school, they may need to develop more advanced strategies to help them retain complex information.

Question 3

Mrs. Miller told her third-grade class to line up from shortest to tallest. They were able to get in line very quickly. Why were they able to accomplish this task so fast?

Accepted Answer

Seriation is the ability to arrange objects in a series according to a dimension, in this case height, and is a skill that children typically develop by age six. As the class is in third grade, it's reasonable to assume they have mastered this ability, making it easy for them to line up from shortest to tallest. Transitive inference relates to the ability to make logical connections between concepts, conservation refers to understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same even if its shape changes, and sensorimotor ability relates to the earliest stage of child development. None of these concepts are directly related to the ability to line up by height.

Question 4

In middle childhood, children grow _____ inches per year.

Accepted Answer

In middle childhood, which is typically from ages 6 to 11 years old, children grow around 2 to 3 inches per year on average.

Question 5

Which of the following is not an example of classification skills in middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

Conservation is not an example of classification skills, but rather a concept of understanding that a quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance. The other choices (Seriation, Transitive influence and Class inclusion) are all examples of classification skills in middle childhood.

Question 6

Which of the following is not considered to be an important developmental advantage that rough-and-tumble play provides?

Accepted Answer

Perceptual development is not typically listed as one of the key developmental advantages of rough-and-tumble play, as it primarily involves physical activity and social interaction. Rather, the benefits of this type of play typically include learning new motor skills, developing social skills, and enjoying playful experiences with friends.

Question 7

Maria participates in an experiment where the experimenter shows her two identical balls of clay and watches as she rolls one ball of clay into a long hot-dog shape and leaves the other ball of clay in the original round ball. Maria is then asked which piece has more clay. Maria is 9 years of age and knows that the two shapes contain the same amount of clay. What principle does Maria understand?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maria participates in an experiment where the...

Question 8

What percentage of children in the United States under the age of 18 are diagnosed with chronic medical conditions that require special health services?

Accepted Answer

According to data from the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, approximately 25% of children in the United States under the age of 18 are diagnosed with chronic medical conditions that require special health services. This includes conditions such as asthma, diabetes, and cerebral palsy.

Question 9

Considering cultural differences in concrete operational reasoning, when are children more likely to display logical reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Cultural differences in concrete operational reasoning suggest that children are more likely to display logical reasoning when considering substances with which they are familiar. This is because children from different cultural backgrounds may have varying exposure and experiences with different substances, which can impact their ability to reason logically about them. Factors such as the race of the experimenter or working with another person may not necessarily impact a child's ability to display logical reasoning in the same way. However, children may also be influenced by models who display logical reasoning, which could lead them to display similar behaviors.

Question 10

Which stage in Piaget's cognitive-developmental perspective involves children gaining the capacity to use logic to solve problems but still are unable to apply logic to abstract and hypothetical situations?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's concrete operational stage of reasoning occurs between 7-11 years old and involves children gaining the ability to use logic to solve problems, but only in concrete, tangible situations. They are still unable to apply logic to abstract and hypothetical scenarios.

Question 11

_____ children grow faster and are taller and heavier than white children of the same age.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have found that African American children tend to have earlier onset of growth spurts, which results in faster growth and taller and heavier stature compared to white children of the same age. This difference starts to manifest from early childhood and continues throughout adolescence.

Question 12

Michelle has three children who all have been identified by their pediatrician as at risk for obesity. Based on the research on childhood obesity, which of the following suggestions do you think their pediatrician gave to Michelle?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that regular family meals are positively associated with healthy dietary behaviors and lower rates of obesity in children. Therefore, the pediatrician likely suggested that Michelle make sure her children have a home-cooked evening meal together each night as a way to promote healthy eating habits and reduce their risk for obesity. The other choices, such as watching certain television shows or playing health-targeted video games, may be helpful but are less likely to have a significant impact on the children's health outcomes compared to regular family meals. Seeing a therapist may be helpful for boosting self-esteem, but it is not directly linked to reducing the risk of obesity.

Question 13

Which of the following programs has not been found to be an effective strategy to reduce childhood obesity?

Accepted Answer

While programs aimed at increasing self-esteem may have benefits beyond reducing childhood obesity, they have not been found to be an effective strategy for reducing obesity specifically. Programs that target reducing screen time, teaching about nutrition, and increasing physical activity have all shown some success in reducing childhood obesity.

Question 14

How do health care professionals determine whether someone is in the healthy range for weight?

Accepted Answer

Measuring body mass index (BMI) is the most reliable way for healthcare professionals to determine whether someone is in the healthy range for weight. BMI takes into account a person's weight and height to calculate a numerical value that indicates whether they are underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. This measurement helps healthcare professionals determine if someone's weight is putting them at risk for health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, or high blood pressure. Weight alone, visual appearance, and clothing size are not sufficient indicators of overall health or risk for chronic diseases.

Question 15

All of Annabelle's teachers comment on what nice penmanship she has. She also loves to braid friendship bracelets and play the flute. Annabelle is demonstrating skill in which area of motor development?

Accepted Answer

Annabelle's nice penmanship and ability to braid friendship bracelets both require fine motor skills, which involve precise movements of the small muscles in the hands and fingers. Playing the flute may also involve some fine motor skills, such as finger dexterity, but could also involve some gross motor skills for breathing and posture.

Question 16

Which of the following is not an outcome that children with asthma experience?

Accepted Answer

While children with asthma may experience unhappiness at school, victimization from bullies, and school absence, obesity is not typically listed as an outcome of asthma. In fact, some studies have shown that children with asthma may be at a slightly lower risk for obesity due to decreased physical activity caused by their condition.

Question 17

How is a child's capacity to solve conservation problems related to advances in information processing abilities?

Accepted Answer

Numerical conservation involves the ability to understand that the amount of a substance does not change even if its appearance does. This is a cognitive ability that develops alongside advances in working memory, which allows children to hold and process more information at once. As children's information processing abilities improve, they become better equipped to solve conservation problems that require them to reason about quantities.

Question 18

The central executive is an important part of:

Accepted Answer

The central executive is a component of working memory, which is responsible for controlling attention, planning, decision-making, and the manipulation of information in short-term memory. It is not a component of long-term memory or sensory memory. Attentional memory is a broad concept that encompasses multiple systems involved in the allocation of attention, including working memory, but the central executive specifically refers to the component of working memory that is responsible for executive control.

Question 19

What is the most pressing and preventable health problem facing children today?

Accepted Answer

Obesity is currently the most pressing and preventable health problem facing children today. It increases the risk of many health issues, including diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea. It is preventable through adopting healthy lifestyle choices.

Question 20

Which part of the brain is responsible for balance, coordination, and some aspects of emotion and reasoning?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination, as well as some aspects of emotion and reasoning. The prefrontal cortex is mainly responsible for decision-making and social behavior, the corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain, and the amygdala is responsible for processing emotions such as fear and aggression.

Quiz 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood