Is Deception About the Purpose of the Research Ever Appropriate

Is deception about the purpose of the research ever appropriate according to modern research ethics?

A) yes, but only if the participants are limited in their ability to agree to participate
B) yes, it is standard to limit information about the research purpose until it is completed
C) yes, but only rarely, when it is necessary and a benefit is created by the research
D) no, deception is never acceptable