Question 1

Another principle in research ethics: Treating all subjects equitably and all burdens or benefits related to the research are shared fairly. This is referred to as the principle of:

Accepted Answer

The principle of justice requires that researchers treat all subjects equitably and that the burdens and benefits associated with the research are shared fairly. This means that no particular group should bear an unfair burden of the risks or costs associated with the research, and that any potential benefits should be distributed fairly among all participants.

Question 2

The principle that welfare subjects should not incur risks by participating in research when the resulting treatment would only benefit the wealthiest people is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This principle is an example of justice, as it pertains to the fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research among all members of society.

Question 3

Those who participate in research must know about the risks and the benefits they may get from their participation. This is called:

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is a crucial component of ethical research as it ensures that participants are fully informed about the risks and benefits of their participation. This allows individuals to make an informed decision about whether or not to participate in research. Equality, transparency, and justice are also important ethical principles in research, but they do not specifically address the issue of informed consent.

Question 4

Research participants not only must be informed of risks and benefits but must know that they can refuse to answer specific questions or withdraw from participating in the research at any time. This represents the principle of:

Accepted Answer

The principle of autonomy refers to the importance of respecting participants' decision-making capacity and includes the right to refuse to answer specific questions or to withdraw from the research at any time. This principle is necessary to ensure that research is conducted ethically and with respect for the participants' rights and dignity.

Question 5

Almost all researchers agree that participants have which of these rights? (pick one)

Accepted Answer

Participants have the right to know the purpose of the study they are participating in. This is considered essential for obtaining informed consent, which is an ethical requirement for conducting research involving human participants. Complete honesty may not be feasible in some cases (for example, if revealing the true purpose of the study could affect participants' behavior), but researchers are required to provide as much information as possible to enable participants to make an informed decision about their participation. Participants do not necessarily have the right to a copy of all the data they provided, although there may be circumstances where it is appropriate to provide this. Having their names acknowledged and included in the research is not a right, although participants should be informed about how their data will be used and whether any identifying information will be collected.

Question 6

Is deception about the purpose of the research ever appropriate according to modern research ethics?

Accepted Answer

Deception can be acceptable in some cases, but only if it is necessary to achieve a significant benefit and if there are no other feasible alternatives. However, any deception must be limited in scope and importance, and participants must be debriefed as soon as possible after the study ends. The use of deception should also be approved by an institutional review board or ethics committee.

Question 7

After participants play their part in research, they may receive more information about the purpose of the study, the procedure(s) used, and be offered to share the results. This is called:

Accepted Answer

Debriefing typically occurs after the completion of research and involves providing participants with additional information about the study and its purpose, explaining any deception that may have occurred during the study, and answering any questions or concerns the participants may have. In some cases, participants may also be offered the opportunity to share in the results of the study. Exit interviews are typically conducted when an employee leaves a company and are not typically associated with research studies. Informed consent occurs at the beginning of the study when participants are given information about the study and must sign a consent form before participating. Post-research protocol is not a commonly used term in research.

Question 8

Participants in research have a right to privacy. This means that researchers must:

Accepted Answer

All of the options provided need to be followed by researchers to protect the privacy of participants. Not disclosing the identities of the participants is important to maintain anonymity. Maintaining confidentiality in the way data is stored helps to ensure that unauthorized individuals do not have access to the data. Lastly, protecting the participant's identity in their description helps to safeguard their privacy, especially if the data is shared in a public setting.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Research Methods