Question 1

Describe what is meant by the ecological approach. How has human ecology changed from the early "classical" studies?

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Question 2

Give two examples of the contemporary invasion-succession pattern in your metropolitan community. Describe the causes of these changes.

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Question 3

Describe the Burgess Growth hypothesis. When was it devised? What does it say about the growth patterns of U.S. cities? Discuss the empirical evidence that supports or fails to support Burgess's hypothesis. How would you update the hypothesis?

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Question 4

The Industrial Revolution generated new kinds of cities, and many more of them. Using the Burgess Growth Model, explain the new development.

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Question 5

Compare and contrast the pattern of urban spatial growth in North America with that of European cities.

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Question 6

Describe the Homer Hoyt's sector theory of urban growth. When was it devised? What does it say about the growth patterns of U.S. cities? Discuss the empirical evidence that supports or fails to support this model. What are its particular strengths and weaknesses?

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Question 7

Describe Harris and Ullman's "multiple-nuclei model". When was it devised? What does it say about the growth patterns of U.S. cities? Discuss the empirical evidence that supports or fails to support this model. What are its strengths and weaknesses?

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Question 8

Discuss the effects of urbanization on the environment. Mention local examples and attitudes.

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Question 9

Explain how contemporary human ecology looks at urban problems. What are the methodologies, emphases, and goals of this approach?

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Question 10

Describe the political economy model of urban growth. What are its key points and assumptions? Compare and contrast this model with the urban ecology perspective. What are key similarities? What are major differences?

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Question 11

Describe the "urban growth machine" ideology. How does it tie in with the political economy approach?

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Question 12

What is "world systems theory"? What are its major assumptions?

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Question 13

Scholars of the Los Angeles School, such as Michael Dear, Michael Davis, and Edward Soja, set themselves up in direct opposition to the Chicago School. Explain their position.

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Question 14

The assertion that Los Angeles represents the new paradigm for the city has not been without critics. Why?

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Quiz 4: Ecology and Political Economy Perspectives