In the Third Period (Na to Cl), the M-X Bond

In the third period (Na to Cl) , the M-X bond when X has lone pairs, is always stronger than the M-X bond of the corresponding element in the row above. Please select all that apply.

A) Due to a short bond length, the lone pair repulsion between M and X is stronger for the first row.
B) Due to a short bond length in the first row, the electron rich ligands with lone pairs are brought close together and repel each other.
C) The bigger difference in electronegativity between the two species results in polarization of the bonds and more ionic character for the second row.
D) The bigger difference in electronegativity between the two species results in polarisation of the bonds and less ionic character for the second row.