Question 1

Of the following four bits of information, which would be the easiest to chunk, and thus encode?

Accepted Answer

C can be chunked into two sets of four digits, making it easier to memorize. The other options do not have clear patterns or chunks to them.

Question 2

Which example best represents memorization by hierarchy?

Accepted Answer

Memorization by hierarchy involves categorizing information in a meaningful way, and organizing it into a logical structure. Learning flower names by arranging the flowers by color utilizes this strategy.

Question 3

Psychologists call the process by which encoded information is transferred from short-term to long-term memory

Accepted Answer

Consolidation is the process by which encoded information in short-term memory is transferred to long-term memory, where it can be stored for a longer period of time. Priming refers to the phenomenon in which exposure to a stimulus influences a person's response to a subsequent stimulus. Retrieval is the process of accessing stored information from long-term memory, while rehearsal is the process of repeatedly practicing or repeating information in order to transfer it from short-term to long-term memory.

Question 4

Which statement about the capacity of long-term memory is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

While it is difficult to quantify the exact capacity of long-term memory, research suggests that there may be no limit to the amount of information that can be stored in long-term memory. This is due to the ability to encode and store memories in various ways, such as through associations with other memories, new experiences, or emotional significance. However, retrieval of specific memories can be influenced by many factors, including age-related memory decline.

Question 5

Kim Peek was described as a savant mainly because he was able to

Accepted Answer

Kim Peek was known for having an exceptional memory and could remember vast amounts of detail from books he had read, which is a common trait among savants. Although he had other abilities such as being able to provide the day of the week for any date in history, his exceptional memory is what he is most remembered for and fits the characteristic of a savant.

Question 6

Which of the following describes the downside of savant-level memory ability?

Accepted Answer

Savant-level memory ability is often associated with brain damage or abnormalities, which can be a downside as it indicates that such extraordinary abilities might come at a cost to other cognitive or social functions.

Question 7

Memory researchers define forgetting as the

Accepted Answer

Forgetting is defined as the inability to retrieve information from long-term memory. It is not related to working memory or head trauma, and while information may be lost in transit between short- and long-term memory, this is not the definition of forgetting.

Question 8

Many life events are difficult to retrieve because

Accepted Answer

Many life events are difficult to retrieve because the information fades from memory, making it harder to recall as time passes.

Question 9

Retrieval is the process of

Accepted Answer

Retrieval refers to the process of accessing information from long-term memory. It involves the activation of stored information and its use in ongoing cognitive processes, such as problem-solving, decision-making, and communication. Consolidation and transfer of information occur during encoding and storage, respectively, while interference refers to the disruption of previously stored information by newly acquired information or other factors.

Question 10

When you enter an old password to retrieve your email, rather than entering your new password, you are demonstrating _______ interference. On the other hand, not being able to recall your old phone number is an example of _______ interference.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when old information hinders the recall of newly learned information. Retroactive interference happens when new information interferes with the recall of old information.

Question 11

Which situation describes proactive interference?

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when older memories interfere with the recall of newer memories. In this case, Jill calling her new boyfriend by her old boyfriend's name is an example of an older memory (the old boyfriend's name) interfering with the recall of a newer memory (the new boyfriend's name).

Question 12

The processes of proactive and retroactive interference are examples of the idea that forgetting is really a matter of _______ information.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the ability to recall newly acquired information, while retroactive interference occurs when newly acquired information interferes with the ability to recall previously learned information. In both cases, the information is not lost, but rather the ability to retrieve it is impaired. This suggests that forgetting is a matter of failed retrieval of information, rather than the loss of information or poor encoding of information.

Question 13

Research on memory consolidation and interference suggests that if you are studying for an exam, you should

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that sleep plays a critical role in memory consolidation, so getting a good night's sleep after studying can help solidify the information in your memory. Studying through the night or engaging in proactive interference (i.e. intentionally trying to forget old memories to make room for new ones) can actually be detrimental to memory consolidation. Additionally, studying early in the day may not be as effective if you are sleep-deprived or not feeling refreshed.

Question 14

All of the following involve cued recall except:

Accepted Answer

Cued recall involves providing a cue or hint to help the person remember the information, such as telling them that the keys are hidden in the room. The other options do not provide specific cues to aid in recall.

Question 15

Writing down the names of all twentieth-century U.S. presidents from memory requires you to engage in

Accepted Answer

Free recall involves retrieving information without any cues or prompts. Writing down the names of all twentieth-century U.S. presidents from memory requires the individual to recall this information without any external cues, making it an example of free recall.

Question 16

The symptoms of a stroke can be recalled with the acronym FAST, which means you should examine the person's face, arms, speech, and attend to the element of time. This is an example of a(n) _______ task.

Accepted Answer

The recall of the symptoms - face, arms, speech, and time - is cued by the acronym FAST.

Question 17

Which situation involves the concept of priming?

Accepted Answer

Priming refers to the phenomenon where exposure to a stimulus can affect a person's subsequent behavior or perception. In this situation, Grace reading an article about her favorite actor primes her to unconsciously choose a movie with that actor later on.

Question 18

Priming is evidence for the idea that our memories are connected with one another, and that recalling one memory influences recall of another memory, a concept called

Accepted Answer

The concept of recalling one memory influencing recall of another memory is called spreading activation, which is the focus of priming. Therefore, the best choice is D, spreading activation. Free recall refers to the ability to recall information without any cues or prompts, while free association refers to the generation of associations between two unrelated terms. Word association is a technique used in psychology to explore the relationships between words and ideas.

Question 19

Which pair of words would be most closely related in a semantic web?

Accepted Answer

Dog and wolf are both members of the Canidae family and share many of the same characteristics and traits. Cat and puppy are both domesticated animals, but they come from different species and have very different physical and behavioral patterns. Dog and dig are unrelated words semantically. Cat and cut are also unrelated words semantically.

Question 20

The notion of semantic webs emphasizes the fact that

Accepted Answer

The notion of semantic webs emphasizes the fact that most memories connect with several other memories, forming a network or web of related concepts and ideas. This concept is central to the field of semantic networks, which study how concepts are linked and organized in memory.

Quiz 9: Memory