Question 1

In a very simplistic comparison of the human body and a car, the sympathetic nervous system would be the _______ and the parasympathetic nervous system would be the _______.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for stimulating the "fight or flight" response, which includes an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, and the release of adrenaline. This can be compared to the accelerator in a car, which controls speed and acceleration. On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, which slows down bodily functions and promotes relaxation. This can be compared to the brakes in a car, which slow down and stop the vehicle.

Question 2

Which physiological system or process does the parasympathetic nervous system speed up?

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system slows down heart rate and respiration, and contracts the pupil. However, it speeds up the digestive system, so the answer is D.

Question 3

Suppose you are watching the Super Bowl and your team kicks a last-second field goal to win the game. All at once, your heart begins to pound and you feel elation over winning. Which theory of emotion does this experience support?

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that we experience physiological arousal and emotional feelings at the same time, not one causing the other, which aligns with the simultaneous experience of a pounding heart and elation described in the scenario.

Question 4

You have had a crush on a classmate for a long time, and the two of you are finally going to spend an evening together. According to the two-factor theory of emotion, which strategy should you follow to increase the likelihood that this person will find you attractive?

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory of emotion suggests that emotions are based on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling. Going to a hysterically funny movie can increase physiological arousal, which can then be misattributed to attraction towards the person they are with, potentially increasing the likelihood of finding each other attractive.

Question 5

In a frequently used classification scheme, eight basic human emotions are identified, consisting of opposing pairs of emotions. According to the information in the textbook, this model is based on

Accepted Answer

The model is based on the language used to identify emotions, as it categorizes emotions into pairs based on how they are linguistically and conceptually opposed to each other in different cultures.

Question 6

According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what will happen if you obey a request to smile and look happy?

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expression can influence our emotions. By obeying a request to smile and look happy, we can actually start feeling happier. This is because the act of smiling triggers the release of dopamine and endorphins in the brain, which are associated with feelings of happiness and pleasure. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 7

Evaluate the following arguments, and select the one that best contradicts the idea of catharsis.

Accepted Answer

This argument contradicts the idea of catharsis, which suggests that expressing anger in some way will lead to a decrease in anger or negative emotions. However, research suggests that expressing anger actually increases anger, rather than decreasing it.

Question 8

According to a study by Kahneman and Deaton, day-to-day feelings of happiness and freedom from stress increase as income rises, up to about _______ per year; income over that amount has no further effect on those feelings.

Accepted Answer

According to the study by Kahneman and Deaton, day-to-day feelings of happiness and freedom from stress increase as income rises, up to about $75,000 per year. Income over that amount has no further effect on those feelings. Therefore, the best choice would be B.

Question 9

Refer to the figure below.
 Which scenario would most likely result in stimuli taking the "low road" pathway to the amygdala?

Accepted Answer

The "low road" pathway to the amygdala bypasses conscious processes and goes directly from sensory input to the amygdala, resulting in a rapid emotional response. In scenario C, there is a sudden and potentially life-threatening situation, which would activate the low road pathway as a survival mechanism. In contrast, scenarios A, B, and D do not involve immediate danger or threat, and therefore would not activate the low road pathway as strongly.

Question 10

Composite photos constructed from only the left side of the face are judged to be more emotional than the original photo or those constructed from only the right side of the face. What can be inferred from this observation?

Accepted Answer

The fact that composite photos constructed from the left side of the face are judged to be more emotional than those constructed from the right side suggests that the right hemisphere of the brain has a greater involvement in emotional expression. This is because the left side of the face is predominantly controlled by the right hemisphere of the brain.

Question 11

You are sitting in your living room when suddenly you hear a loud bang come from the kitchen. You almost jump out of your chair, and your heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure rise. According to Hans Selye's views,

Accepted Answer

The loud bang in the kitchen is an external stressor that triggers the body's alarm reaction, which activates the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in an increase in heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure. This response is a typical first stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), as described by Hans Selye. Choice A is incorrect because the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for reducing arousal levels and promoting relaxation, which is not the case here. Choice C is incorrect because the amygdala is responsible for processing emotional stimuli and triggering fear response, so it is not shut down but rather activated in this situation. Choice D is incorrect because the resistance phase occurs after prolonged exposure to stress, and it involves adapting to the stressor and returning to baseline levels of physiological function. The occurrence of a single stressful event, like a loud bang, does not constitute the resistance phase.

Question 12

Refer to the figure below.
 How do you interpret these data, with reference to the stress immunization theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure below.
 How do...

Question 13

After a factory redesigns its work processes, employees no longer merely follow directions from their supervisors. Now employees have far more decision-making power about how to do their jobs to meet deadlines while maintaining high quality. What is the most likely result of this change, based on the research described in the textbook?

Accepted Answer

The textbook suggests that empowering employees and giving them more control over their work processes can reduce stress, increase job satisfaction, and decrease absenteeism. Therefore, the most likely result of this change is that the workers show fewer signs of stress and have fewer sick days.

Question 14

According to the information in the textbook, which of the following strategies for stress relief is unlikely to be effective?

Accepted Answer

Taking work home every night to keep up is unlikely to be effective for stress relief as it can lead to burnout and constant work-related stress, rather than providing an opportunity to relax and recharge. The other options - taking a stroll, watching a funny program, and taking naps - are all effective strategies for reducing stress.

Question 15

Quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do to improve your health and reduce stress. Studies have shown that people are most likely to stop smoking if

Accepted Answer

Friends and family can provide support and encouragement, which can increase the chances of success in quitting smoking.

Question 16

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure and table below
 
-Based on the figure, it is evident that

Accepted Answer

The figure shows that the production of antibodies is controlled by the immune system, which is not under conscious control. The other options are not supported by the figure or are directly contradicted by it.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure and table below
 
-The table indicates that long periods of stress

Accepted Answer

Long periods of stress can lead to various physiological and psychological issues, including a decreased libido or loss of interest in sex.

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure and table below
 
-You are hiking through the woods when you suddenly hear the distinctive sound of a rattlesnake. Based on the information in the figure and table, your brain is most likely to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions :
Refer...

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure and table below
 
-Over the past two years, Max has gone through a messy divorce, dealt with the death of his mother, lost his job, and been injured in a serious auto accident. Based on the figure and table, it would not be surprising if Max

Accepted Answer

The figure and table show that chronic stress can lead to high blood pressure. Max has undergone multiple sources of stress in the past two years, making it likely that he may suffer from chronic high blood pressure. There is no information in the figure or table to suggest that Max's immune system has been compromised or that he has become "immunized" to stress. Additionally, the table shows that chronic stress can lead to elevated cortisol levels, so it would not be likely that Max has very low levels of cortisol in his bloodstream.

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure and table below
 
-Based on the figure and table, which is a valid conclusion?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions :
Refer...

Quiz 13: Emotions, Stress, and Health

In a very simplistic comparison of the human body and a car, the sympathetic nervous system would be the _ and the parasympathetic nervous system would be the _.

Which physiological system or process does the parasympathetic nervous system speed up?

Suppose you are watching the Super Bowl and your team kicks a last-second field goal to win the game. All at once, your heart begins to pound and you feel elation over winning. Which theory of emotion does this experience support?

You have had a crush on a classmate for a long time, and the two of you are finally going to spend an evening together. According to the two-factor theory of emotion, which strategy should you follow to increase the likelihood that this person will find you attractive?

In a frequently used classification scheme, eight basic human emotions are identified, consisting of opposing pairs of emotions. According to the information in the textbook, this model is based on

According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what will happen if you obey a request to smile and look happy?

Evaluate the following arguments, and select the one that best contradicts the idea of catharsis.

According to a study by Kahneman and Deaton, day-to-day feelings of happiness and freedom from stress increase as income rises, up to about _______ per year; income over that amount has no further effect on those feelings.

Refer to the figure below. Which scenario would most likely result in stimuli taking the "low road" pathway to the amygdala?

Composite photos constructed from only the left side of the face are judged to be more emotional than the original photo or those constructed from only the right side of the face. What can be inferred from this observation?

You are sitting in your living room when suddenly you hear a loud bang come from the kitchen. You almost jump out of your chair, and your heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure rise. According to Hans Selye's views,

Refer to the figure below. How do you interpret these data, with reference to the stress immunization theory?

According to the information in the textbook, which of the following strategies for stress relief is unlikely to be effective?

Quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do to improve your health and reduce stress. Studies have shown that people are most likely to stop smoking if

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure and table below -Based on the figure, it is evident that

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure and table below -The table indicates that long periods of stress

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure and table below -You are hiking through the woods when you suddenly hear the distinctive sound of a rattlesnake. Based on the information in the figure and table, your brain is most likely to

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure and table below -Over the past two years, Max has gone through a messy divorce, dealt with the death of his mother, lost his job, and been injured in a serious auto accident. Based on the figure and table, it would not be surprising if Max

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure and table below -Based on the figure and table, which is a valid conclusion?