Question 1

With which of the following statements would Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg both agree?
A) Traditional IQ tests do not assess all of the different components of intelligence.
B) If a person is high in one component of intelligence, he or she will be high in all components of intelligence.
C) Though there are many types of intelligence, being "book smart" is by far the most important.
D) There is little or no correlation between intelligence and academic success.

Accepted Answer

Both Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg have proposed theories of multiple intelligences that go beyond the traditional concept of IQ and recognize that intelligence can take many different forms. They would agree that traditional IQ tests do not assess all of these different components of intelligence, as stated in option A. Option B is incorrect, as both Gardner and Sternberg emphasize that different components of intelligence can operate independently of each other. Option C is incorrect, as Gardner and Sternberg would argue that being "book smart" is just one type of intelligence and that other types (e.g. musical, kinesthetic, etc.) are equally important. Option D is also incorrect, as there is generally a positive correlation between intelligence and academic success, although it is not a perfect relationship.

Question 2

Recognizing and understanding multiple intelligences
A) gives us a way to measure all people against a common, standardized scale.
B) enables us to understand people in light of their strengths and weaknesses.
C) explains why some people perform so poorly on standard intelligence tests.
D) allows us to categorize and reform people with significant weaknesses.

Accepted Answer

Recognizing and understanding multiple intelligences enables us to understand people in light of their strengths and weaknesses. It does not provide a common, standardized scale for measuring all people, explain poor performance on standard intelligence tests, or allow for categorization and reform of individuals with weaknesses.

Question 3

People who in the past would have been referred to as "mentally retarded" are now generally said to have
A) Asperger's syndrome.
B) synesthesia.
C) intellectual disabilities.
D) fluid intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The term "mentally retarded" is considered an outdated and offensive term. People with intellectual disabilities is a more appropriate and respectful term to use. Asperger's syndrome and synesthesia are specific conditions not synonymous with intellectual disabilities. Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to reason and solve problems in new situations, not a diagnosis or label for individuals.

Question 4

Clint is a 45-year-old man who functions at the sixth-grade level. He lives independently, with some social support from his brothers and sisters, and holds down a job as a dishwasher. On this basis, Clint would be classified as _______ intellectually disabled.
A) mildly
B) moderately
C) severely
D) profoundly

Accepted Answer

Clint's ability to live independently and hold down a job suggests that he has a mild intellectual disability. If he had a moderate, severe, or profound intellectual disability, he would likely require more extensive support for daily living and may not be able to maintain employment.

Question 5

By convention, children with IQ scores below _______ are considered intellectually disabled.
A) 100
B) 90
C) 80
D) 70

Accepted Answer

IQ scores below 70 are generally considered as a cut-off for intellectual disability, as it represents approximately two standard deviations below the mean IQ score of 100. However, it is important to note that IQ scores are just one factor in the diagnosis of intellectual disability, and other factors such as adaptive functioning and daily living skills need to be considered as well.

Question 6

The overwhelming majority of people who are classified as having an intellectual disability have a _______ disability.
A) profound
B) severe
C) moderate
D) mild

Accepted Answer

The most common level of intellectual disability is mild, which is defined as having an IQ score between 50-70. This group represents about 85% of all people with intellectual disabilities. Only a small percentage of individuals with intellectual disabilities have a moderate, severe or profound level of disability.

Question 7

A child with fetal alcohol syndrome often has
A) an atypical number of chromosomes.
B) a rather long face, prominent ears, and extreme shyness.
C) exceptional ability in a particular field but below-average ability in other areas.
D) close-set eyes and an absence of the typical folds between the nose and upper lip.

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by distinct facial features, including close-set eyes and a smooth philtrum (the absence of the typical folds between the nose and upper lip), among other developmental issues.

Question 8

Jamal has multiple intellectual disabilities. Yet, he has an extraordinary ability in mathematics and is able to solve complex mathematical problems within seconds. On this basis, Jamal would most likely be characterized as displaying
A) savant syndrome.
B) the Flynn effect.
C) fragile X syndrome.
D) Asperger's syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Jamal's exceptional ability in mathematics despite having multiple intellectual disabilities is a common characteristic of savant syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by an individual's exceptional ability in a specific area, such as music, art, or mathematics, despite significant impairments in other areas of intellectual functioning.

Question 9

About half of the individuals with savant syndrome also display
A) fragile X syndrome.
B) schizophrenia.
C) autism.
D) fetal alcohol syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that approximately 50% of individuals with savant syndrome also have a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There is a strong correlation between ASD and savant abilities, although not all individuals with ASD have savant abilities and not all savants have ASD. Other conditions, such as fragile X syndrome, schizophrenia, or fetal alcohol syndrome, may contribute to intellectual disability, but are not strongly associated with the development of savant abilities.

Question 10

The "Flynn effect" refers to the finding that the average scores on IQ tests
A) are positively correlated with life satisfaction.
B) have substantially increased since the first IQ tests were developed.
C) are consistently higher in women than in men.
D) are negatively correlated with education levels.

Accepted Answer

The Flynn effect refers to the finding that the average scores on IQ tests have substantially increased since the first IQ tests were developed. This increase suggests that people are getting smarter over time.

Question 11

One major consequence of psychologist James Flynn's findings is that
A) the Stanford-Binet test is no longer used.
B) intelligence tests now typically include both verbal and performance tasks.
C) more and more tests have been developed to measure analytical intelligence.
D) IQ tests have had to be altered so that test-takers must perform better to score 100.

Accepted Answer

James Flynn discovered that IQ scores have been increasing over time across the world, a phenomenon now known as the Flynn Effect. This has necessitated the periodic recalibration of IQ tests to maintain a consistent average score of 100, as the tests are norm-referenced. This means that as the population gets smarter, the tests must be made more difficult to keep the average score the same.

Question 12

Most of the Flynn effect appears to be due to increases in _______ intelligence.
A) fluid
B) musical
C) emotional
D) crystallized

Accepted Answer

The Flynn effect refers to the observed increase in average IQ scores over time. Research has suggested that the increase is largely due to improvements in fluid intelligence, which involves problem-solving, abstract reasoning, and other non-verbal cognitive abilities.

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure below
 
-Performance IQ, represented by the bottom line in the graph, refers to a person's ability to
A) perform well on tests of physical dexterity and agility.
B) recall information that was learned earlier in life.
C) learn new words, names, facts, and figures.
D) solve an unfamiliar problem quickly.

Accepted Answer

Performance IQ, as depicted by the bottom line in the graph, refers to a person's ability to solve unfamiliar problems quickly.

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure below
 
-Based on the figure, which of the following is a valid conclusion?
A) Creative and practical intelligence are more sustainable than analytical intelligence throughout life.
B) As we age, crystallized intelligence declines more slowly than fluid intelligence.
C) As we age, emotional intelligence becomes weaker.
D) With age, what is measured in the "performance" portion of the IQ test declines more slowly than verbal ability.

Accepted Answer

The figure shows that fluid intelligence begins to decline in early adulthood while crystallized intelligence remains relatively stable until late adulthood. This supports the conclusion that as we age, crystallized intelligence declines more slowly than fluid intelligence.

Question 15

Monozygotic (MZ) twins
A) share half their genes.
B) are genetically identical.
C) have the same IQ score.
D) are rarely physically identical.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic or identical twins develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos. As a result, they have the exact same DNA, which makes them genetically identical. While they may not be physically identical due to environmental factors, they still share the same genetic material. Therefore, option B is correct, and the other options are incorrect.

Question 16

Monozygotic twins raised together have a higher correlation in IQ scores than MZ twins raised apart. This offers proof that
A) intelligence is determined by one's genetic makeup.
B) adoption affects IQ scores more than biology does.
C) there may be an environmental influence on intelligence.
D) MZ twins raised together learn from each other.

Accepted Answer

The fact that MZ twins raised together have a higher correlation in IQ scores than MZ twins raised apart suggests that there may be an environmental influence on intelligence. If intelligence were solely determined by genetics, then MZ twins raised apart would have similar IQ scores as MZ twins raised together. The fact that this is not the case suggests an environmental influence on intelligence. Adoption may still play a role in IQ scores, but this specific data suggests that genetics alone are not the sole determinant of intelligence. The answer D is not a strong inference that can be drawn from this data, as it is possible that MZ twins raised apart can still learn from each other through other means (e.g. communication, visits).

Question 17

Most estimates of the heritability of IQ are close to the estimate that about _______ percent of the variability in IQ scores is due to genetic variability.
A) 20
B) 30
C) 50
D) 80

Accepted Answer

Most scientific studies estimate that about 50 percent of the variability in IQ scores among individuals is due to genetic factors. This suggests that genetics plays a significant role in determining IQ, but environmental factors also have a substantial impact.

Question 18

When a culturally unbiased intelligence test is being constructed, it should
A) minimize the use of language.
B) focus on testing knowledge of vocabulary.
C) not attempt to measure analytical intelligence.
D) refer to culturally specific objects from a wide variety of cultures.

Accepted Answer

Minimizing the use of language reduces the impact of cultural and linguistic differences on test performance, making the test more culturally unbiased. Options B, C, and D all introduce sources of cultural bias.

Question 19

Infants who are breast-fed grow up to have higher IQs than those who are bottle-fed; this suggests a(n) _______ influence on IQ.
A) environmental
B) genetic
C) learned
D) inherited

Accepted Answer

Breastfeeding is an environmental factor that can influence IQ.

Question 20

Heritability estimates for IQ apply to _______ but tell us nothing about _______.
A) individuals; populations
B) MZ twins; dizygotic (DZ) twins
C) populations; individuals
D) DZ twins; MZ twins

Accepted Answer

Heritability estimates for IQ apply to populations (groups of people) but tell us nothing about individuals (specific people).

Quiz 11: Intelligence

With which of the following statements would Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg both agree?

Recognizing and understanding multiple intelligences

People who in the past would have been referred to as "mentally retarded" are now generally said to have

Clint is a 45-year-old man who functions at the sixth-grade level. He lives independently, with some social support from his brothers and sisters, and holds down a job as a dishwasher. On this basis, Clint would be classified as _______ intellectually disabled.

By convention, children with IQ scores below _______ are considered intellectually disabled.

The overwhelming majority of people who are classified as having an intellectual disability have a _______ disability.

A child with fetal alcohol syndrome often has

Jamal has multiple intellectual disabilities. Yet, he has an extraordinary ability in mathematics and is able to solve complex mathematical problems within seconds. On this basis, Jamal would most likely be characterized as displaying

About half of the individuals with savant syndrome also display

The "Flynn effect" refers to the finding that the average scores on IQ tests

One major consequence of psychologist James Flynn's findings is that

Most of the Flynn effect appears to be due to increases in _______ intelligence.

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure below -Performance IQ, represented by the bottom line in the graph, refers to a person's ability to

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure below -Based on the figure, which of the following is a valid conclusion?

Monozygotic (MZ) twins

Monozygotic twins raised together have a higher correlation in IQ scores than MZ twins raised apart. This offers proof that

Most estimates of the heritability of IQ are close to the estimate that about _______ percent of the variability in IQ scores is due to genetic variability.

When a culturally unbiased intelligence test is being constructed, it should

Infants who are breast-fed grow up to have higher IQs than those who are bottle-fed; this suggests a(n) _______ influence on IQ.

Heritability estimates for IQ apply to _ but tell us nothing about _.