Castells describes three types of social movements and corresponding identities that emerge in response to the globalization of information. Another type is grounded in the identity of excluded groups. They are the product of resentment toward dominant institutions and alienation from mainstream ideologies. These are called:

Question

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Castells discusses that excluded groups can form movements and identities based on resentment and alienation. These are labeled as resistance movements, which aim to challenge and undermine dominant institutions and ideologies. Thus, option A is the correct answer. The other options relate to different types of movements and identities discussed by Castells.

Castells Describes Three Types of Social Movements and Corresponding Identities