A social movement is always collective action, but collective action is not always a social movement.

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Collective action refers to any coordinated effort by a group of people to achieve a common goal, while a social movement is a type of collective action that seeks to bring about social or political change on a broader scale. Therefore, social movements are a specific type of collective action, but not all collective action qualifies as a social movement.

A Social Movement Is Always Collective Action, but Collective Action