Question 1

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which

Accepted Answer

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which acetylcholine receptors are destroyed or dysfunctional.Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which neuronal demyelination disrupts nerve transmission.Muscles become weak, but not bulky, in myasthenia gravis.Acetylcholine receptors are destroyed or dysfunction in myasthenia gravis.

Question 2

A fracture in which bone breaks into two or more fragments is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A fracture in which the bone breaks into two or more fragments is called a comminuted fracture.Open fractures, greenstick fractures, and stress fractures do not involve two or more bone fragments.

Question 3

Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of

Accepted Answer

Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of noncontractile tissue injury.Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is not an indication of a contractile tissue injury, vascular insufficiency, or skeletal muscle damage.

Question 4

A unique characteristic feature of fibromyalgia is the presence of

Accepted Answer

Tender point pain is a unique characteristic feature of fibromyalgia.Headache, contractures, and muscle atrophy are not unique characteristic features of fibromyalgia.

Question 5

Following a bone fracture, the most likely event to occur is

Accepted Answer

The first step in bone healing is hematoma formation.Leukocyte infiltration into bone tissue, blood vessel growth at the fracture site, and migration of osteoblasts to the fracture site are not the first steps in bone healing.

Question 6

A compound, transverse fracture is best described as a bone that is

Accepted Answer

The type of fracture described is broken and protruding through the skin.A comminuted fracture is one that is broken in two or more pieces.An incomplete fracture is cracked but not completely separated.A longitudinal fracture is broken along the long axis.

Question 7

Most muscle strains are due to

Accepted Answer

Most muscle strains are due to abnormal muscle contraction.A muscle strain can be due to a tear in the muscle.A tendon strain can be due to a tear in the tendon.Muscle asymmetry is not the cause of muscle strains.Muscle strains are not caused by bleeding into the muscle.

Question 8

Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are

Accepted Answer

Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are genetically transmitted.Muscular dystrophy is not easily prevented or managed.It is not an autoimmune disease or a demyelinating disease.

Question 9

The complication which is not likely to result from a compound, transverse fracture of the tibia and fibula is

Accepted Answer

Air embolus is not likely to occur secondary to this fracture.Bone infection is likely, because it is an open fracture.Fat emboli is likely because the fracture is in a long bone.Compartment syndrome is likely because of the extent of soft-tissue injury.

Question 10

Which disorder usually causes skeletal pain and involves significant bone demineralization from vitamin D deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia is inadequate mineralization of bone tissue, most commonly caused by vitamin D deficiency, and it usually causes skeletal pain.Osteopenia, osteomyelitis, and osteoporosis are not caused by vitamin D deficiency.

Question 11

Rickets is characterized by soft, weak bones resulting from a deficiency of

Accepted Answer

Rickets is characterized by soft, weak bones resulting from vitamin D deficiency.Rickets is not caused by poor calcium intake or phosphate deficiency.Estrogen deficiency is related to osteoporosis, not rickets.

Question 12

Bone healing may be impaired by

Accepted Answer

Nicotine can delay bone healing.Vitamin C, protein, and immobilization are necessary for bone healing.

Question 13

In older women, osteoporosis is thought to be primarily due to

Accepted Answer

In older women, osteoporosis is thought to be primarily due to estrogen deficiency.Although dietary inadequacies and inactivity play roles, the primary cause of osteoporosis in older women is thought to be due to estrogen deficiency.Malabsorption is not the primary cause of osteoporosis in older women.

Question 14

What type of fracture generally occurs in children?

Accepted Answer

Greenstick fractures occur most often in the growing bones of children.Stress fractures can occur at any age.Nightstick and Colles fractures occur most often in adults.

Question 15

Complete healing of a bone fracture occurs when

Accepted Answer

Complete healing of a bone fracture occurs when the callus has been completely replaced with mature bone.A lack of detectable movement of the break does not indicate that the fracture is healed.Even when a bone fracture is healed, pain at the fracture site and surrounding soft tissue may be present.The patient may progress from a cast to a splint, sling, or brace as the bone fracture continues to heal.

Question 16

People who have osteoporosis are at risk for

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis weakens the bone structure and increases the risk of bone fractures.Rhabdomyolysis, osteomyelitis, and osteomalacia are completely different conditions.

Question 17

Assessment of an extremity six hours after surgical alignment and casting demonstrates pulselessness and pallor.The priority action to take is to

Accepted Answer

The priority action is to have the cast split or removed because these are signs of compartment syndrome and emergent decompression is needed.While increasing pain medication may be appropriate, it is not the priority action.It is not the priority action to note pain increases in the chart.In compartment syndrome, extremity is not to be elevated above the heart, as that may lower venous pressure and slow arterial perfusion.

Question 18

A risk factor for osteoporosis is

Accepted Answer

Early menopause and late menarche are risk factors for osteoporosis.Endometriosis, late menopause, and ovarian cysts are not risk factors for osteoporosis.

Question 19

Anticholinesterase inhibitors may be used to manage

Accepted Answer

Anticholinesterase inhibitors may be used to manage myasthenia gravis.Anticholinesterase agents are not used to manage muscular dystrophy, fibromyalgia, or rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 20

Healing of a fractured bone with a poor alignment is called

Accepted Answer

Malunion is a complication that occurs when the bone fails to align correctly during the healing process.Nonunion and delayed union are different complications of bone healing.Disunion is not the term used for fracture healing with poor alignment.

Quiz 51: Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease