Ünal et al (2005) report that the most significant factor in reduced mortality from heart disease is:

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Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and reducing stress, have been shown to be the most effective factor in reducing mortality from heart disease. While medical interventions and increased knowledge have also had a positive impact, lifestyle changes have had the most significant and long-lasting effect. Diet and exercise are important components of lifestyle changes but on their own, they are not the most significant factor in reducing mortality from heart disease.

ÜNal Et Al (2005) Report That the Most Significant Factor