Which of the Following Does Not Describe a Claim Arising

Which of the following does not describe a claim arising from cognitive bias?

A) David claims that mint tea helps with weight loss because he has lost 5 pounds since drinking it everyday.
B) Even when faced with contradictory evidence, Louis still maintains that algae pills cured his allergies.
C) After reading multiple media reports on sleep, Luke claims that everyone should sleep enough to be able to concentrate well.
D) Fred claims that a particular brand of energy drink is most effective because all his friends say so.