Question 1

The term rationalism was derived from the Latin _____ which means to _____

Accepted Answer

The term rationalism was derived from the Latin word "ratio" which means reason or think. Rationalism is a philosophical position that emphasizes the role of reasoning and introspection as a means for gaining knowledge.

Question 2

Rationalism is to empiricism as _____ is to _____ .

Accepted Answer

Rationalism emphasizes deduction and reasoning based on innate ideas and principles, while empiricism emphasizes induction and knowledge gained through experience and observation. Deduction is to rationalism as induction is to empiricism.

Question 3

Descartes' philosophy of science was motivated partly by

Accepted Answer

Descartes saw Montaigne as a skeptic who doubted the possibility of certain knowledge. He sought to overcome this skepticism by developing a method of inquiry that would yield secure and certain knowledge.

Question 4

Descartes' method was modeled after that of the

Accepted Answer

Descartes' method was heavily influenced by his background in mathematics and he sought to apply mathematical reasoning to philosophy, leading him to develop a method of doubt and skepticism in order to arrive at certain knowledge. His method was not modeled after any particular ancient philosopher or physician.

Question 5

The most important building block in the Cartesian method is

Accepted Answer

The Cartesian method emphasizes the importance of discovering clear and distinct ideas or ideas that are immune to doubt as the foundation of knowledge.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the four methodological procedures outlined by Descartes in his Discourse on Method

Accepted Answer

Descartes actually advised to begin with the simplest and most easily understood concepts, and build up to more complex knowledge. The other three methods (never accepting doubtless truths, dividing difficulties and ensuring nothing is left out) are all outlined by Descartes in his Discourse on Method.

Question 7

Descartes _____ reject the results of experiments that ran counter to common-sense.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Descartes _____ reject the results of experiments...

Question 8

Descartes' philosophical method is most accurately characterized as

Accepted Answer

Descartes' philosophical method is deductive, as he starts with a general principle or truth which he believes to be certain (such as "I think, therefore I am"), and then uses logical reasoning to arrive at other conclusions. This method is founded on the idea of rationalism, which emphasizes the role of reason and logic in acquiring knowledge.

Question 9

_____ argued against the metaphysical basis of demonology and thus figured in humanitarian reform in the
Treatment of people with mental illnesses.

Accepted Answer

Baruch Spinoza argued against the metaphysical basis of demonology, promoting a more rational and humane approach to understanding mental illness, which contributed to humanitarian reforms.

Question 10

If we develop a hatred for something that was once loved, our hatred may be greater than if we had never loved
The thing in the first place. Spinoza argued that the greater hatred in such cases is fueled by

Accepted Answer

Spinoza argued that the greater hatred in such cases is fueled by sorrow over the loss of love.

Question 11

The term monad from (monas) was probably adopted by Leibniz from Lady Anne Conway and F. M. Von
Helmont. The term refers to

Accepted Answer

The term monad refers to a principle of existence in the philosophy of Leibniz. It is a basic unit of reality that is indivisible and self-contained, possessing its own unique qualities and attributes. The concept of monads is central to Leibniz's metaphysics, which emphasizes the interconnectedness and harmony of all things in the universe.

Question 12

The mental realm is always parallel with the physical (neurophysiological) realm. Leibniz explained the perfect
Correspondence of the two realms in terms

Accepted Answer

Leibniz believed in the pre-established harmony of the individual parts of the universe, including the mental and physical realms. This means that they are perfectly coordinated, existing in harmony without directly influencing each other. Therefore, choice B is the best answer as it correctly explains Leibniz's theory on this matter.

Question 13

Leibnitz coined the term "theodicy," which refers to

Accepted Answer

Leibnitz's term "theodicy" refers specifically to the problem of evil in the world and how it can coexist with the existence of an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-good God. The term specifically addresses the relationship between God and the world. The other choices are not directly related to the concept of theodicy.

Question 14

Many petite perceptions or "small perceptions" in concert form the basis of perception. Thus, the sound of the
Waterfall consists of thousands of drops of water in concert. The idea of petites perceptions suggests the
Importance of unconscious processes. This idea was advanced by

Accepted Answer

The idea of petites perceptions is closely associated with the philosophy of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who believed that reality is ultimately composed of infinitesimal units of consciousness called monads, each of which perceives the world in a unique way. Leibniz argued that these petites perceptions, which occur beneath the threshold of conscious awareness, are essential to our overall perception of the world.

Question 15

"Nature never takes leaps." This view that change follows a gradual and incremental developmental course led
To a deemphasis on miracles. All change, from the healing of a broken bone, to the learning of a new skill
Follows lawful developmental patterns. This view, advocated by Leibniz, came to be known as

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Nature never takes leaps." This view that...

Question 16

Christian von Wolff was one of the first to use the term psychology in a major publication. In 1732 he wrote a
Book called Empirical Psychology and in 1734 he published Rational Psychology. He believed that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Christian von Wolff was one of the...

Question 17

A tautology is an expression that

Accepted Answer

A tautology is a statement that is always true by definition, and therefore it is redundant or trivial.

Question 18

According to Kant, synthetic a priori truths are

Accepted Answer

According to Kant, synthetic a priori truths are informative about the world. They are propositions that are not based on experience but are necessary for us to understand or know something about the world. These truths are not simply redundancy or trivial, but rather provide us with new knowledge that could not be obtained through experience alone.

Question 19

According to Immanuel Kant, the so-called categories of understanding

Accepted Answer

Kant believed that the categories of understanding were innate and fundamental ways in which the mind organizes sensory experience, such as time and causality. They are a priori and not dependent on cultural influence, nor are they products of formal logic. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 20

According to Kant, the _____ world is independent of perception, whereas the _____ world is as it appears to us in experience.

Accepted Answer

According to Kant, the noumenal world is independent of perception, meaning it exists beyond our ability to experience and understand it through our senses. The phenomenal world is the world as it appears to us in experience, shaped by our perceptions and influenced by our understanding and interpretation of it.

Quiz 7: Rationalism

The term rationalism was derived from the Latin _ which means to _

Rationalism is to empiricism as _ is to _ .

Descartes' philosophy of science was motivated partly by

Descartes' method was modeled after that of the

The most important building block in the Cartesian method is

Which of the following is NOT one of the four methodological procedures outlined by Descartes in his Discourse on Method

Descartes _____ reject the results of experiments that ran counter to common-sense.

Descartes' philosophical method is most accurately characterized as

_____ argued against the metaphysical basis of demonology and thus figured in humanitarian reform in the Treatment of people with mental illnesses.

If we develop a hatred for something that was once loved, our hatred may be greater than if we had never loved The thing in the first place. Spinoza argued that the greater hatred in such cases is fueled by

The term monad from (monas) was probably adopted by Leibniz from Lady Anne Conway and F. M. Von Helmont. The term refers to

The mental realm is always parallel with the physical (neurophysiological) realm. Leibniz explained the perfect Correspondence of the two realms in terms

Leibnitz coined the term "theodicy," which refers to

Many petite perceptions or "small perceptions" in concert form the basis of perception. Thus, the sound of the Waterfall consists of thousands of drops of water in concert. The idea of petites perceptions suggests the Importance of unconscious processes. This idea was advanced by

Christian von Wolff was one of the first to use the term psychology in a major publication. In 1732 he wrote a Book called Empirical Psychology and in 1734 he published Rational Psychology. He believed that

A tautology is an expression that

According to Kant, synthetic a priori truths are

According to Immanuel Kant, the so-called categories of understanding

According to Kant, the _ world is independent of perception, whereas the _ world is as it appears to us in experience.