When a rat learns a maze, E. C. Tolman said it acquires:

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E. C. Tolman's theory of latent learning proposes that rats do not simply acquire a set of stimulus-response connections or a habit-family hierarchy, but instead they form a cognitive map of the maze. This means that the rat has an internal representation or mental model of the maze that allows it to navigate efficiently and make flexible adjustments to its behavior based on its goals and the changing environment. The cognitive map is believed to be stored in the brain's hippocampus and related structures, and it can be accessed and used for future navigation even when there is no immediate reinforcement or reward available.

When a Rat Learns a Maze, E