Question 1

Dr Young is comparing the Intelligence Quotient of children coming from country X and children coming from country Y. She is using a laptop for the subscale of Mental Reasoning. Children are asked to complete a series of computer-based tasks and performance is calculated based on reaction times. Results show a main effect of country on Mental Reasoning, whereby children from country Y are significantly slower than children from country X. However, Dr Young didn't consider the fact that children from culture Y have been exposed to computers less frequently than the other children. Her findings show a clear example of __________.

Accepted Answer

Cultural bias is evident in this scenario because the difference in performance between children from country X and country Y could be attributed to their varying levels of familiarity with computers, rather than inherent differences in mental reasoning abilities.

Question 2

In 1971 Izard showed that North American and European groups could identify 75-83% of facial expressions. However, a(n) __________ group only identified 65% and a(n) __________ group 50%. This study is an example of cross-cultural differences in the recognition of facial emotion.

Accepted Answer

Izard's study highlighted cross-cultural differences in the recognition of facial emotions, showing that Japanese participants identified 65% of facial expressions, while African participants identified 50%.

Question 3

In the Izard study (1971) on expression recognition, which group could identify the same amount of facial expressions as the North American group?

Accepted Answer

This study by Carroll Izard was one of the early cross-cultural investigations into the universality of facial expressions. It suggested that people from different cultures could recognize and interpret basic emotional expressions similarly, supporting the idea that these expressions are universal. The African group in this study was able to identify facial expressions at a level comparable to the North American participants.

Question 4

Which of the six basic emotions' representations were shown to overlap in Eastern cultures in the study conducted by Jack, Garrod, Yu, Caldara and Schyns (2012)?

Accepted Answer

Jack, Garrod, Yu, Caldara, and Schyns (2012) found that the representations of surprise, fear, anger, and disgust overlapped in Eastern cultures, indicating a different cultural interpretation of these emotions compared to Western perspectives.

Question 5

Which are the five personality traits individuated by Costa and McCrae (1992) as part their Big Five personality traits theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which are the five personality traits individuated...

Question 6

Which of the Big Five personality traits are NOT consistently found across different cultures?

Accepted Answer

Openness and neuroticism are the two traits that show the most variability across different cultures, with openness being particularly influenced by cultural factors and neuroticism showing different levels of expression.

Question 7

Health and well-being are not universal concepts. For example, in __________ medicine health consists of the balance between yin and yang, two complementary forces. In __________, mental illness is considered a weakness in character.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Health and well-being are not universal concepts....

Question 8

The British Psychological Society was founded in __________.

Accepted Answer

The British Psychological Society was founded in 1901 by a group of psychologists, including William McDougall, Charles Myers, and William H.R. Rivers.

Question 9

What is the subject matter of developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the subject matter of developmental...

Question 10

Which body represents psychology in the United Kingdom since 1901?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which body represents psychology in the United...

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an aim of the British Psychological Society?

Accepted Answer

The British Psychological Society does not aim to select the best students to be chartered. While the BPS does have criteria for becoming a chartered psychologist, it is not their main aim or function. Their main aims are to monitor the standard of training programmes, share scientific knowledge, and provide guidelines for good practice in psychology.

Question 12

How many students were enrolled full-time on psychology courses in the UK in 2014-2015?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many students were enrolled full-time on...

Question 13

The __________ is a regulatory body which monitors and controls professional practice, having the power to prevent psychologists from practicing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ is a regulatory body which...

Question 14

Students who complete a __________ undergraduate degree become eligible for __________, which is a requirement if the student wants to pursuit a career as chartered psychologist.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Students who complete a __________ undergraduate degree...

Question 15

The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy has the power to prevent people from practicing.

Accepted Answer

The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) is a professional association and not a regulatory body, so it does not have the legal power to prevent individuals from practicing as counsellors or psychotherapists. It can, however, revoke membership from those who do not adhere to its ethical framework.

Question 16

Describe 'the bystander effect'

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe 'the bystander effect'...

Question 17

The __________ shed a light on people's behaviour in the presence of others which tends to be less responsive.

Accepted Answer

The Smoke-filled room experiment, conducted by Bibb Latané and John Darley, specifically explored the bystander effect, demonstrating how the presence of others can make individuals less likely to help in an emergency situation, thus shedding light on people's less responsive behavior in the presence of others.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT reported as a reason for 'the bystander effect' in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

Social conformity is actually listed as one of the reasons for the bystander effect in the textbook. Pluralistic ignorance, audience inhibition effect and diffusion of responsibility are all reported as reasons for the bystander effect.

Question 19

Make a distinction between academic psychologists and neuropsychologists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Make a distinction between academic psychologists and...

Question 20

Jazmine is studying psychology. She has decided that she would like to pursue a career where she can conduct research on the effects of breastfeeding on mother-infant attachment. Given her interests, which of the following branches of psychology should Jazmine pursue in her studies?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jazmine is studying psychology. She has decided...

Quiz 1: The Science of Psychology

In 1971 Izard showed that North American and European groups could identify 75-83% of facial expressions. However, a(n) group only identified 65% and a(n) group 50%. This study is an example of cross-cultural differences in the recognition of facial emotion.