Sociologists, Including W

Sociologists, including W. E. B. DuBois, claim that there is a "psychological wage of whiteness" and that racism affects everyone, including whites. How might racism affect Whites negatively?

A) Racism has driven a wedge between White and Black laborers who otherwise could have worked together to fight for better conditions.
B) Whites must carry the guilt of having more advantages than any other racial group.
C) Whites have lost out on valuable slots at top universities due to affirmative action.
D) All of the above.