Question 1

Ryan pays for his groceries with a credit card and the machine reads "denied." The cashier simply swipes the card again, assuming it must have been a machine error because Ryan is White and the cashier believes that Whites are financially reliable. This scenario demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

White privilege, in this context, is related to white supremacy because the cashier's assumption about financial reliability based on race reflects societal biases that favor White individuals, stemming from systemic and historical structures of white supremacy.

Question 2

Sociologists, including W. E. B. DuBois, claim that there is a "psychological wage of whiteness" and that racism affects everyone, including whites. How might racism affect Whites negatively?

Accepted Answer

Racism has caused division among laborers who could have united to fight for better conditions.

Question 3

Oliver and Shapiro point to three instances of structured inequalities that work together to reproduce wealth inequalities. Which of the following is NOT one of these instances?

Accepted Answer

The three instances of structured inequalities that work together to reproduce wealth inequalities, as identified by Oliver and Shapiro, are A) the suburbanization of Whites and the ghetto-ization of Blacks, C) the transition from slavery to freedom without a material base, and D) contemporary institutional racism in lending and real estate. The outsourcing of low-skilled jobs is not one of these instances.

Question 4

Explain the difference between individual racism and institutional racism and provide an example of each.

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Question 5

In some states, African American men are imprisoned on drug charges at a rate 50 times the rate of their White counterparts. Use the concept of institutional racism to explain this disparity in incarceration rates.

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Question 6

Define systemic racism and identify its core principle. What explanation does Joe Feagin provide for why systemic racism exists in the United States?

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Question 7

Define structural racism and explain how Bonilla-Silva's concept of "racialized social systems" is a structural racism perspective.

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Question 8

Explain how the concept of racial formation is linked to the concept of a racial project.

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Question 9

Identify and discuss the three pillars of White supremacy that Smith describes in her indigenous studies perspective.

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Question 10

Describe the concept of intersectionality. What aspects of contemporary racism does this perspective allow us to see that the other perspectives on racism presented in Chapter 2 do not?

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Question 11

Define racial ideology. What is its essential purpose?

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Question 12

Define prejudice. How does prejudice relate to discrimination?

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Question 13

Describe biological racism and provide a concrete example of a contemporary biological racist argument.

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Question 14

Compare and contrast cultural racism with biological racism.

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Question 15

Define White privilege. Explain how the concept of White privilege is linked to W.E.B. DuBois' notion of a "wage of whiteness."

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Question 16

Explain the argument that whiteness is the norm because it is an unmarked identity. Why is it important to think about whiteness if we want to understand racism?

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Question 17

Identify a privilege enjoyed by White Americans. Use the concept of white privilege to explain why it might be difficult for a beneficiary of this privilege to recognize it as a privilege.

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Question 18

Descibe Kimberle Crenshaw's intersectional explanation of why women of color are over-represented in domestic violence shelters. What would racial justice look like for these women?

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Quiz 2: Racisms, Racial Ideologies, and Sociological Theories of Racism