Question 1

Racial discrimination is frowned upon in the United States. However, individual racism persists through:

Accepted Answer

Racial microaggressions are subtle, everyday forms of racism that are often unconscious but can be harmful to individuals and reinforce systemic inequalities. While racial affirmations, racialization, and racial advocacy may have different connotations, they do not necessarily involve individual acts of discrimination or bias.

Question 2

The criminal justice system is a prime example of __________ as evidenced by the fact that laws are written in ways that discriminate against Blacks, and Blacks are more likely to get harsher sentences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The criminal justice system is a prime...

Question 3

Systemic racism encompasses a diverse assortment of racist practices, inequalities, and ideologies. It includes:

Accepted Answer

Systemic racism encompasses all of the options listed above - patterns of unjust impoverishment of non-Whites, vested group interests of Whites to maintain racism, and routinized discrimination against non-Whites. It is a complex and multifaceted issue that affects various societal institutions and structures.

Question 4

Joe Feagin explains that systemic racism exists because of:

Accepted Answer

Feagin argues that systemic racism is a result of the United States' history as a slaveholding nation, in which racial hierarchies were embedded in the country's economic, political, and social systems.

Question 5

Jen is Korean American and works as a receptionist. Whenever an Asian client is in the office, her boss asks her if she will sit in on the meeting to help translate. Just because she is Asian, she is expected to be able to communicate with any Asian, regardless of what language they actually speak. Jen's experiences are an example of:

Accepted Answer

Jen's boss is making assumptions about her ability to translate based solely on her race and ethnicity, which can be considered a form of microaggression.

Question 6

According to Omi and Winant, when is a racial project defined as racist?

Accepted Answer

According to Omi and Winant, a racial project is defined as racist when it reproduces structures of domination and hegemony, which perpetuate racial inequalities and marginalize certain groups. This definition goes beyond individual prejudice or discrimination and focuses on how social institutions and power dynamics perpetuate racism. So option D is the best possible answer.

Question 7

Andrea Smith argues that anti-Black racism, genocide, and orientalism are the three pillars of:

Accepted Answer

Andrea Smith argues that the three pillars of white supremacy are anti-Black racism, genocide, and orientalism. These three pillars work together to maintain white dominance and power, and they are deeply embedded in the structures and institutions of society. While neoliberalism and ethnic hegemony may be related to these pillars, they are not the foundational elements of white supremacy.

Question 8

In a survey conducted by Joe Feagin, he found that ______ of Whites surveyed agreed with prejudicial statements about Blacks such as "Blacks have less native intelligence" than Whites.

Accepted Answer

In the survey conducted by Joe Feagin, 75 percent of Whites surveyed agreed with prejudicial statements about Blacks such as "Blacks have less native intelligence" than Whites.

Question 9

As defined by Omi and Winant, the sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed, is called:

Accepted Answer

Omi and Winant's concept of the sociohistorical process of racial categories is termed "racial formation." This process involves the creation of categories that define different groups of people based upon their race or ethnic background, as well as the evolution and transformation of these categories over time. Racial formation also encompasses how individuals and groups adapt to and interact within these categories. Ultimately, the process of racial formation can lead to the destruction of previously existing racial categories and the creation of new ones based on changing social, cultural, and political factors.

Question 10

To fully understand the experiences of Black and Latina women in a battered women's shelter, we have to look at how race, class, and gender play a role in their need for the shelter's services. When we take these factors into account simultaneously, we are engaging in:

Accepted Answer

Intersectionality refers to the understanding that multiple social identities, such as race, class, and gender, intersect and shape a person's experiences and opportunities in unique ways. Examining the experiences of Black and Latina women in a battered women's shelter through an intersectional lens allows us to understand how their various identities interact and impact their need for shelter services.

Question 11

Racism encompasses both _________, the belief that people belong to distinct races with innate hierarchical differences that can be measured and judged; and _________, the practice of treating people differently on the basis of their race.

Accepted Answer

Racial ideology refers to the belief that there are distinct and hierarchical differences between races, while racial prejudice and racial discrimination both involve treating people differently based on their race. Therefore, the best choice is B, which includes both of these aspects of racism.

Question 12

A set of principles and ideas that divides people into different racial groups and serves the interests of one group is known as:

Accepted Answer

A set of principles and ideas that divides people into different racial groups and serves the interests of one group is known as a racial ideology. Systematic racism refers to institutional and societal practices that perpetuate racial inequalities, segregation refers to the physical separation of different racial groups, and rhetorical strategy refers to the use of language and argumentation to persuade or influence others.

Question 13

Many scholars make a distinction between ______, which permitted the enslavement of Africans, and _______, in which it is no longer acceptable to make overtly racist statements, yet racial inequality persists.

Accepted Answer

This distinction is commonly made between old racism, which was prevalent during the era of African enslavement, and new racism, which is characterized by more covert and subtle forms of racism.

Question 14

The Bell Curve, in which the authors argue that intelligence is quantifiable and that they found differences in intelligence across racial groups, is one of the most prominent examples of _____ in recent decades.

Accepted Answer

The argument made in The Bell Curve, that differences in intelligence across racial groups can be explained by biological factors, is a clear example of biological racism. This book has faced significant criticism for its flawed methodology and the way its findings have been used to perpetuate racist beliefs and attitudes.

Question 15

African Americans have a higher unemployment rate than Whites. If someone were to make the argument that African Americans are more likely to be unemployed because African Americans tend to be lazy, this would be an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of cultural racism, which falsely claims that a certain racial or ethnic group has negative cultural traits that lead to their disadvantage or unequal treatment in society. It ignores the systemic barriers and historical injustices that have contributed to the disparities in employment rates between African Americans and Whites.

Question 16

Many schools today are still highly segregated. If someone were to justify school segregation by saying that Black parents like to have their children go to school with other Black children, they would be using a(n) _______ frame of color-blind racism.

Accepted Answer

The naturalization frame of color-blind racism explains racial phenomena as natural occurrences. Saying Black parents prefer their children to attend schools with other Black children naturalizes segregation, making it seem like a natural preference rather than a result of systemic issues.

Question 17

______ is the idea that racism has been part of the United States since its founding and that it continues to be reproduced through various institutions, such as the educational system and the criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

Systemic racism refers to the idea that racism is embedded within the social systems and institutions of the United States and that it reproduces itself over time. This includes the educational system, the criminal justice system, and other structures that create and reinforce racial inequality. Systemic racism acknowledges that racism is not just the result of individual prejudices or biases, but rather is an institutionalized form of oppression that affects people of color in many different ways.

Question 18

___________ refers to the advantages inherent in being categorized as White.

Accepted Answer

White privilege refers to the societal advantages and benefits that come with being classified as White in terms of race. This includes things like systemic favoritism, the ability to pass on wealth and inheritance, and easier access to education and job opportunities, among other things. It is important to acknowledge and actively work to dismantle these systems of privilege to create a more equitable society.

Question 19

W. E. B. DuBois argued that White workers received a psychological "wage of whiteness" by:

Accepted Answer

W. E. B. DuBois argued that White workers received a psychological "wage of whiteness" by seeing themselves as White and aligning themselves with the dominant group. This allowed them to feel privileged and superior, even if they did not share in the material benefits of Whiteness.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a White privilege?

Accepted Answer

All of the above are examples of White privilege.

A) Being able to go shopping without being followed or harassed by store clerks is a privilege that White individuals enjoy because they are not stereotyped as potential shoplifters or criminals. 
B) Being able to do well in a challenging situation without it being called a credit to your race is a privilege that White individuals enjoy because their successes are not attributed to their race. 
C) Being able to choose bandages in "flesh" color and have them more or less match your skin is a privilege that White individuals enjoy because their skin tone is the default or standard for products and services.

Quiz 2: Racisms, Racial Ideologies, and Sociological Theories of Racism