Question 1

Describe the main kinematic differences between running and walking and explain why the knee flexes more during the swing phase of running

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the main kinematic differences between running...

Question 2

Explain the movements of the subtalar joint during running and how these help reduce the magnitude of the vertical ground reaction force.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the movements of the subtalar joint...

Question 3

The arm swing in vertical jumping is believed to contribute approximately what percentage to the performance?

Accepted Answer

To be effective, arm swing must be at peak velocity at the point of take-off, in which case it can contribute between 10-20% to jump height.

Question 4

The best method for determining jump height is?

Accepted Answer

Video digitising is time-consuming and the prone to errors. Flight time is a poor indicator of jump height as the points of take-off and landing are usually different. Jump targets are subject to errors in the accuracy with which the athlete will touch them at peak height. Impulse allows the most accurate measure of take-off velocity and thus height jumped.

Question 5

An athlete performs a vertical jump on a jump mat and records a flight time of 0.7s. What height did they jump?

Accepted Answer

The flight time includes both the time it took the athlete to travel up and down. It is important, therefore, to use only half the flight time when determining height jumped.

Question 6

The momentum generated in the 'free-leg' during a horizontal jump can contribute what % to centre of mass velocity?

Accepted Answer

The effective timing of the free limbs can contribute 10-15% to the centre of mass velocity.

Question 7

During a vertical jump, an athlete of mass 65 kg generates a vertical impulse of 300 Ns. Which of these statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The impulse represents the area under the force time graph and you can't identify what the peak force would have been. Impulse / mass = velocity. Jump height is found from the velocity squared divided by 2 x g

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true?

Accepted Answer

The counter-movement helps to increase the range of movement and creates a stretch-shorten effect. This is best achieved with a fast counter-movement to maximise the stretch-shorten effect. Squat jumps allow a similar range of movement, but do not benefit from the stretch-shorten effect.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true?

Accepted Answer

Once the body is in the air the amount of angular momentum is fixed. Adopting a long body position helps to reduce the angular velocity by increasing the moment of inertia. The 'hitch-kick' technique transfers momentum from the centre of mass to the limbs. No flight actions can change the angular momentum of the long jumper during flight, but they can help to create a better landing position.

Question 10

Vertical jump height is determined by the 'power' of the take-off.

Accepted Answer

Jump height is determined by the vertical impulse generated. Jumps are often used as indicator of power when comparing performers.

Question 11

Running faster will always result in a greater jump distance in long-jumping.

Accepted Answer

Generally running faster does improve jump distances up to an optimum velocity above which the athlete can no longer generate sufficient vertical impulse to travel further.

Question 12

The arm and leg movements of a long-jumper help to reduce the amount of forward rotation of the body in flight.

Accepted Answer

The forward rotation of the arms and legs redistribute the angular momentum to help reduce the tendency to somersault. Adopting a long body position (i.e. 'hang' technique) increases the moment of inertia and slows the body's forward rotation.

Question 13

Explain the purpose of the counter-movement phase in vertical jumping.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Describe the ways that arm swing can contribute to jump height.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the ways that arm swing can...

Question 15

In what ways can a long jumper control their tendency to rotate forward in order to achieve the optimal landing position?

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Throwing is often referred to as what type of movement?

Accepted Answer

Throwing is a form of general movement. The distal end of the segment is free to move and is therefore considered an open chain movement. In a closed chain, the distal end of the segment is constrained to follow a fixed path.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about throwing are true.

Accepted Answer

The late pulling phase is created largely by the transfer of momentum between proximal to distal segments with little requirements for muscle activity. The follow-through involves eccentric muscle activity to slow the movements of the upper limb.

Question 18

Which of the following factors is important for a thrower to maximise in order to achieve the greatest range.

Accepted Answer

Take-off angle needs to be optimised, the optimal angle depends upon release height and velocity. The mass of the object has no direct effect on the range although lighter objects are more likely to be affected by aerodynamic forces than heavy ones.

Question 19

Greater linear velocity of the release can be achieved by:

Accepted Answer

High distal velocity can be achieved by a sequential pattern of movement from proximal to distal segments allowing for a transfer of momentum. A longer preparation phase allows greater time to create impulse.

Question 20

The main differences between overarm and round arm throwing are determined by the orientation of the trunk and degree of abduction of the shoulder.

Accepted Answer

A round arm throw is typified by lateral flexion towards the throwing side and a lower degree of abduction. In overarm throwing the trunk tends to flex away from the throwing side.

Quiz 6: Human Movement Applications

Describe the main kinematic differences between running and walking and explain why the knee flexes more during the swing phase of running

Explain the movements of the subtalar joint during running and how these help reduce the magnitude of the vertical ground reaction force.

The arm swing in vertical jumping is believed to contribute approximately what percentage to the performance?

The best method for determining jump height is?

An athlete performs a vertical jump on a jump mat and records a flight time of 0.7s. What height did they jump?

The momentum generated in the 'free-leg' during a horizontal jump can contribute what % to centre of mass velocity?

During a vertical jump, an athlete of mass 65 kg generates a vertical impulse of 300 Ns. Which of these statements is true?

Which of the following statements are true?

Which of the following statements are true?

Vertical jump height is determined by the 'power' of the take-off.

Running faster will always result in a greater jump distance in long-jumping.

The arm and leg movements of a long-jumper help to reduce the amount of forward rotation of the body in flight.

Explain the purpose of the counter-movement phase in vertical jumping.

Describe the ways that arm swing can contribute to jump height.

In what ways can a long jumper control their tendency to rotate forward in order to achieve the optimal landing position?

Throwing is often referred to as what type of movement?

Which of the following statements about throwing are true.

Which of the following factors is important for a thrower to maximise in order to achieve the greatest range.

Greater linear velocity of the release can be achieved by:

The main differences between overarm and round arm throwing are determined by the orientation of the trunk and degree of abduction of the shoulder.