Question 1

The British Psychological Society's ethical principle that 'Psychologists should produce research that is of benefit to both participants and the common good', is known as

Accepted Answer

The ethical principle stated in the question, "Psychologists should produce research that is of benefit to both participants and the common good", falls under the category of social responsibility. Social responsibility is the principle that psychologists have a duty to use their knowledge and skills for the greater good of society. This includes promoting well-being, preventing harm, and addressing social issues through research and practice.

Question 2

According to the British Psychological Society's ethical guidelines, participants should be able to withdraw some or all of their data

Accepted Answer

According to the British Psychological Society's ethical guidelines, participants should be able to withdraw some or all of their data at any point in the research process.

Question 3

When participants are deliberately misinformed about the research this is known as

Accepted Answer

Deliberately misinforming participants about the research is a form of deception, which is sometimes necessary in psychological research. However, researchers have an ethical responsibility to ensure that participants are not harmed by this deception and that they are fully debriefed afterwards to understand the true nature of the study.

Question 4

Which of the following is a branch of philosophy devoted to the nature of reality

Accepted Answer

Ontology is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of reality and existence. Realism is a philosophical stance that holds that external objects exist independently of our consciousness or perception. Fundamentalism is a religious or political movement that emphasizes traditional or fundamental beliefs and values. Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.

Question 5

Statistical literacy refers to

Accepted Answer

Statistical literacy refers to the ability to understand and interpret statistical information, including the ability to recognize common statistical methods, evaluate the validity of claims based on statistical evidence, and make informed decisions based on statistical information. It does not specifically refer to the ability to find significant findings, make sense of qualitative methods, or gain ethical approval.

Question 6

The core difference between qualitative and quantitative research is

Accepted Answer

The core difference between qualitative and quantitative research is that qualitative data gather non-numerical data, whereas quantitative data gathers numerical data. Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data such as words, images, and observations, while quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data using statistical methods.

Question 7

Significance testing

Accepted Answer

Significance testing allows us to determine the probability that the results we observed would have occurred by chance alone. It is a quantitative method used to determine the significance of the relationship between variables in a research study. It does not reject numbers or adopt a less empirical view of the world, nor does it necessarily tell us whether a research question is worth studying. Significance testing can be used alongside qualitative research methods, but it is not always necessary or appropriate to do so.

Question 8

An independent variable in an experiment is the variable that researchers measure

Accepted Answer

An independent variable in an experiment is the variable that researchers manipulate or change, while a dependent variable is the variable that researchers measure.

Question 9

Psychologists can extract quantitative data from qualitative data and analyse this using quantitative analysis

Accepted Answer

Psychologists often use qualitative research methods such as interviews or observations to gather rich, descriptive data. However, they can also extract quantitative data from this qualitative data by counting the frequency of certain themes or behaviors. This can be analyzed using quantitative analysis methods such as inferential statistics.

Question 10

When one variable increases as the other variable increases, the correlation is said to be a negative correlation

Accepted Answer

When one variable increases as the other variable increases, the correlation is said to be a positive correlation. A negative correlation would be when one variable decreases as the other variable increases.

Question 11

A psychologistic finds a strong positive correlation between number of hours studying and exam performance. The psychologist concludes that number of hours studying causes better exam performance. The conclusions drawn are:

Accepted Answer

Although there may be a strong positive correlation between number of hours studying and exam performance, correlation does not imply causation. There may be other factors at play that influence both how many hours a student studies and their exam performance, such as intelligence or motivation. It is also possible that exam performance causes students to study more, rather than the other way around. Therefore, the conclusion that number of hours studying causes better exam performance is not necessarily accurate.

Question 12

Random assignment to conditions is when each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any of the conditions of the experiment

Accepted Answer

Random assignment means that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any of the conditions, which helps to reduce bias and increase the chances of having equivalent groups for comparison.

Question 13

A psychologist suspects that there is good subject tendency within his experiment. This means that participants are likely to give good quality data.

Accepted Answer

Good subject tendency refers to participants trying to behave in a way they believe will help the experiment or please the experimenter, which can actually lead to biased or inaccurate data, not necessarily good quality data.

Question 14

In a blind experiment neither the subject nor those interacting directly with them are aware of the exact nature of the hypotheses being tested and/or to which level of the independent variable a participant has been exposed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a blind experiment neither the subject...

Question 15

Thematic analysis (TA) involves deconstructing text or transcripts for examples of how language has been used to construct a version of reality

Accepted Answer

The answer of Thematic analysis (TA) involves deconstructing text or...

Question 16

A psychologist finds a strong positive correlation between two variables. This means that the correlation coefficient will be above 0.

Accepted Answer

A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases, resulting in a correlation coefficient above 0.

Question 17

Statistical significance is the same thing as an effect size.

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance and effect size are two separate concepts. Statistical significance refers to the probability of obtaining a result as extreme or more extreme than the observed result by chance alone, while effect size refers to the magnitude or strength of the relationship between two variables.

Question 18

In experimental design _________are all the ways in which experimenters work to keep all variables constant other than the independent variable(s) being manipulated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In experimental design _________are all the ways...

Question 19

_________validity is the extent to which the results of research generalize to real-world settings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________validity is the extent to which the...

Question 20

_________analysis aims to deconstruct language to uncover ideological assumptions in the ways we use language

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________analysis aims to deconstruct language to uncover...

Quiz 3: Research Methods in Psychology