Question 1

According to this theory of emotion, the emotional experience is a cognitive appraisal of the autonomic nervous system activity that preceded the emotion.

Accepted Answer

The theory described in the question is the cognitive appraisal theory, which suggests that an individual's emotional experience is based on their appraisal or interpretation of the physiological changes that occur in response to a situation or stimulus.

Question 2

According to the cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion, the cognitive appraisal of an event

Accepted Answer

According to the cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion, the cognitive appraisal of an event precedes the emotional or physiological changes. This means that individuals first evaluate or think about a situation before they experience any emotional or physiological responses. The theory suggests that the appraisal is based on three factors: how relevant the situation is to the individual's goals or needs, whether the situation is positive or negative, and how controllable the situation is.

Question 3

According to research by LeDoux, the amygdala is activated during many emotions, but appears to be the most important brain region responsible for

Accepted Answer

Research by LeDoux suggests that the amygdala is most responsible for fear responses. The amygdala is activated during many emotions, but studies have shown that lesions in the amygdala can reduce the intensity of fear responses.

Question 4

This direct pathway from this area of the brain to the amygdala accounts for the fact that we can respond instantly with fear to the appearance of potentially threatening visual or auditory stimuli.

Accepted Answer

The direct pathway from this area of the brain to the amygdala refers to the sensory information bypassing the thalamus and going straight to the amygdala, which is responsible for processing emotions such as fear. Therefore, the correct choice is the thalamus.

Question 5

According to this view of emotion, the sights, sounds, physiological processes, and patterns of body movement that occur during experience of the emotion are encoded in clusters of neurons assigned to each of these various sensory modalities.

Accepted Answer

This view of emotion is called embodied emotion theory, where sensory modalities, physiological processes, and patterns of body movement are encoded in clusters of neurons.

Question 6

Researchers found that simply having the muscles of the cheeks associated with smiling lifted with bandages increased happiness ratings in a group of volunteers. This study is consistent with this theory of emotion

Accepted Answer

The study's findings are in line with the embodied emotion theory, which suggests that physical sensations and movements play a role in our emotional experiences. Specifically, the study supports the idea that the physical act of smiling (even if forced through the use of bandages) can lead to increased feelings of happiness.

Question 7

This emotion is generally the reaction to an unpleasant event or idea, but can also be a personality trait.

Accepted Answer

Anger is generally the reaction to an unpleasant event or idea, but it can also be a personality trait. Anxiety and fear both involve an unpleasant event or idea but are focused on potential or future events, whereas contempt is a feeling of superiority rather than a response to an unpleasant event or idea.

Question 8

According to this notion, you may be able to push anger around and situate it in various places in your mind, but you cannot get rid of it without expressing it.

Accepted Answer

The hydraulic model of emotion suggests that emotions are like a build-up of pressure that needs to be released. Anger cannot be completely eliminated without expressing it because it is a natural response that needs to be released through some form of expression. The other options (two-factor theory, general aggression model, psychoanalytic release) do not specifically address the need for expressing anger to eliminate it.

Question 9

This term, derived from the Greek word for "cleansing," was first described by Sigmund Freud and is usually referred to as venting

Accepted Answer

The term "catharsis" comes from the Greek word "katharsis" meaning "cleansing" and was first described by Sigmund Freud. It refers to the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed emotions, often through talking or writing about them. It is also sometimes referred to as "venting."

Question 10

Recent studies suggest that venting at something other than the specific person who angered you is likely to

Accepted Answer

Venting anger on something or someone other than the source of the anger often leads to an increase in feelings of anger rather than a decrease. This is because the act of venting can reinforce the emotional state and make the person dwell more on the negative feelings, rather than resolving them.

Question 11

When psychologists refer to happiness, they are talking about

Accepted Answer

When psychologists refer to happiness, they are typically referring to a broader sense of well-being and fulfilment, rather than just specific instances of joy or the basic emotion of enjoyment. This can include factors such as life satisfaction, positive relationships, and a sense of purpose or meaning in one's life. The concept of happiness can be quite complex and multifaceted. Option A is too narrow and specific, option B only covers one aspect of happiness, and option D is not a common or scientifically-supported perspective on happiness.

Question 12

Since the 1950s, psychological surveys about happiness have suggested that people believe that they would be happier if they had more

Accepted Answer

Psychological surveys have consistently shown that people believe they would be happier with more money. While sex, intimate friendships, and social resources may also contribute to happiness, money consistently ranks higher in these surveys.

Question 13

Psychologist Ed Diener has found that income is related to happiness primarily in terms of a person's

Accepted Answer

Diener found that income is related to happiness primarily in terms of a person's standard of living. This includes things like access to basic needs, healthcare, and education, which are all factors that can contribute to a person's overall well-being and life satisfaction. While income may also play a role in a person's emotional well-being and social status, these factors are generally considered to be secondary to standard of living in terms of their overall impact on happiness.

Question 14

Having a lot of money may increase your level of happiness if you often spend your money on

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that spending money on others (charitable giving) can increase a person's level of happiness more than spending on oneself.

Question 15

There is strong evidence that a tendency toward happiness is inherited and is related to

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that temperament, which is a biologically based tendency to respond to the environment in certain ways, is strongly linked to levels of happiness. This suggests that there is a genetic component to happiness. Neuroticism is a personality trait that is characterized by negative emotions such as anxiety, which can be inversely related to happiness. Attachment style and parenting may also affect happiness levels, but they are not as strongly linked to genetics as temperament.

Question 16

Over our lifetimes, the level of happiness we experience tends to

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that our happiness tends to fluctuate around a "set point" that is determined in part by genetics and personality traits. However, life events and circumstances can temporarily increase or decrease our level of happiness.

Question 17

Research suggests that about 50% of one's level of happiness is determined by one's

Accepted Answer

Research in psychology suggests that a significant portion of an individual's level of happiness is determined by their genetic set point, often referred to as the "happiness set point." This concept posits that about 50% of a person's happiness level is genetically predetermined, influencing their baseline or default level of happiness regardless of external circumstances or efforts.

Question 18

A smile of genuine enjoyment is known as a

Accepted Answer

A smile of genuine enjoyment is known as a Duchenne smile, named after French neurologist Guillaume Duchenne who discovered that genuine smiles involve the muscle orbicularis oculi, which causes crinkling around the eyes.

Question 19

The human fear response is regulated by two pathways, one of which runs to the cerebral cortex. This pathway is

Accepted Answer

The cerebral cortex pathway is highly specific, meaning it responds to only certain fear-provoking stimuli.

Question 20

According to this view of emotion, the sights, sounds, physiological processes, and patterns of body movement that occur during experience of the emotion are encoded in clusters of neurons assigned to each of these various sensory modalities.

Accepted Answer

This view of emotion is known as embodied emotion, which considers sensory experiences and physiological processes as important factors in emotional processing. It suggests that patterns of body movement and sensory modalities are encoded in groups of neurons related to each sensory experience.

Quiz 17: Emotion

According to this theory of emotion, the emotional experience is a cognitive appraisal of the autonomic nervous system activity that preceded the emotion.

According to the cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion, the cognitive appraisal of an event

According to research by LeDoux, the amygdala is activated during many emotions, but appears to be the most important brain region responsible for

This direct pathway from this area of the brain to the amygdala accounts for the fact that we can respond instantly with fear to the appearance of potentially threatening visual or auditory stimuli.

According to this view of emotion, the sights, sounds, physiological processes, and patterns of body movement that occur during experience of the emotion are encoded in clusters of neurons assigned to each of these various sensory modalities.

Researchers found that simply having the muscles of the cheeks associated with smiling lifted with bandages increased happiness ratings in a group of volunteers. This study is consistent with this theory of emotion

This emotion is generally the reaction to an unpleasant event or idea, but can also be a personality trait.

According to this notion, you may be able to push anger around and situate it in various places in your mind, but you cannot get rid of it without expressing it.

This term, derived from the Greek word for "cleansing," was first described by Sigmund Freud and is usually referred to as venting

Recent studies suggest that venting at something other than the specific person who angered you is likely to

When psychologists refer to happiness, they are talking about

Since the 1950s, psychological surveys about happiness have suggested that people believe that they would be happier if they had more

Psychologist Ed Diener has found that income is related to happiness primarily in terms of a person's

Having a lot of money may increase your level of happiness if you often spend your money on

There is strong evidence that a tendency toward happiness is inherited and is related to

Over our lifetimes, the level of happiness we experience tends to

Research suggests that about 50% of one's level of happiness is determined by one's

A smile of genuine enjoyment is known as a

The human fear response is regulated by two pathways, one of which runs to the cerebral cortex. This pathway is

According to this view of emotion, the sights, sounds, physiological processes, and patterns of body movement that occur during experience of the emotion are encoded in clusters of neurons assigned to each of these various sensory modalities.