Question 1

A person's belief about his or her ability to produce change or accomplish a specific task through his or her efforts is called
A) perceived self-monitoring
B) perceived self-efficacy
C) perceived competence
D) perceived performance

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person's belief about his or her...

Question 2

People who are high in internal locus of control have a tendency toward high
A) goal setting
B) compassion
C) perceived self-efficacy
D) competence

Accepted Answer

People with an internal locus of control believe that their actions and decisions have a direct impact on the outcomes they experience. This leads to a sense of perceived self-efficacy, or the belief in one's ability to succeed in a given situation. They are more likely to set goals, feel competent, and take action to achieve their desired outcomes. Compassion is not necessarily related to locus of control.

Question 3

Dweck (2000) is best known for her work on
A) The Hierarchy of needs
B) Intelligence tests
C) SMART targets
D) Implicit theories of intelligence

Accepted Answer

Dweck is best known for her work on implicit theories of intelligence, which suggest that individuals can have a fixed or growth mindset when it comes to intelligence. This work has been influential in the field of education and has implications for how we approach learning and teaching.

Question 4

Sam holds the view that no matter how hard he works it will not make a difference to his exam result, Sam is likely to have a
A) Growth mindset
B) Low self-esteem
C) Fixed mindset
D) High emotional intelligence

Accepted Answer

Sam's belief that his efforts will not make a difference is characteristic of a fixed mindset, which holds that abilities and intelligence are fixed and cannot be improved through effort or education. A growth mindset, on the other hand, holds that intelligence and abilities can be developed through hard work and dedication. Low self-esteem may coexist with a fixed mindset, but it is not necessarily the defining characteristic. Emotional intelligence is not directly related to Sam's beliefs about the impact of effort on his exam result.

Question 5

A growth mindset is based on the belief that intelligence is changeable, this believe is called the
A) Incremental theory of intelligence
B) Mindsets theory of intelligence
C) Entity theory of intelligence
D) Growth theory of intelligence

Accepted Answer

A growth mindset is based on the incremental theory of intelligence, which posits that intelligence can be developed and improved through effort and learning. The entity theory of intelligence, on the other hand, is based on the belief that intelligence is fixed and unchangeable. Choice B, mindsets theory of intelligence, is not a commonly used term in psychology and does not accurately describe the concept of a growth mindset. Choice D, growth theory of intelligence, is not a recognized theory in psychology.

Question 6

This term describes the homeostatic drive state intended to satisfy needs for immediate energy and/or overall nutrition.
A) appetite
B) hunger
C) bingeing
D) thirst

Accepted Answer

Hunger is the correct term as it refers to the physiological state of needing food or nutrients. Appetite refers more to the desire to eat, which can be influenced by various factors outside of the body's actual nutritional needs. Bingeing refers to a behavior of excessive consumption, and thirst refers specifically to the need for water.

Question 7

In some instances it has been proposed that extrinsic motivation might undermine rather than support the learning experience in humans, particularly if the learning experience is intrinsically interesting, this is often referred to as
A) Drive effect
B) Vicarious learning
C) Classical conditioning
D) Undermining effect

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation, such as rewards or punishments, can sometimes decrease intrinsic motivation, which is the internal desire to engage in a particular behavior. This is known as the undermining effect. If a learning experience is already interesting and engaging, adding extrinsic motivators may actually make it less enjoyable and decrease motivation to learn.

Question 8

Harris and Campbell (1999) concluded that
A) Belief in the secondary gains of pregnancy cannot predict unplanned pregnancy
B) Belief in secondary gains of pregnancy was related to SES
C) Belief in the secondary gains of pregnancy is strongly predictive of unplanned pregnancy
D) Unconscious motivation is not a factor in pregnancy

Accepted Answer

Harris and Campbell (1999) found that belief in the secondary gains of pregnancy is strongly predictive of unplanned pregnancy, indicating that psychological factors can influence pregnancy planning.

Question 9

In their study examining secondary gains from unplanned pregnancies, Harris and Campbell (1999) found that
A) 8% of the unplanned pregnancy group were judged to believe in a high probability of secondary gain from pregnancy as opposed to 16% of the planned pregnancy group and 44% control group
B) 44% of the unplanned pregnancy group were judged to believe in a high probability of secondary gain from pregnancy as opposed to 6% of the planned pregnancy group and 32% control group
C) 89% of the unplanned pregnancy group were judged to believe in a high probability of secondary gain from pregnancy as opposed to 34% of the planned pregnancy group and 11% control group
D) 44% of the unplanned pregnancy group were judged to believe in a high probability of secondary gain from pregnancy as opposed to 16% of the planned pregnancy group and 8% control group

Accepted Answer

The correct choice indicates that a significantly higher percentage of the unplanned pregnancy group was judged to believe in a high probability of secondary gain from pregnancy compared to the planned pregnancy group and the control group, which aligns with the context of examining secondary gains specifically in relation to unplanned pregnancies.

Question 10

An internal locus of control has been associated with
A) Higher levels of need
B) Higher levels of motivation
C) No differences in motivation
D) Lower levels of motivation

Accepted Answer

An internal locus of control means the individual feels they have control over their own life and circumstances. This sense of control can lead to higher levels of motivation.

Question 11

Heavily influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, James proposed that most human behaviour is motivated by instincts

Accepted Answer

William James was heavily influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and proposed that most human behaviour is motivated by instincts.

Question 12

Fixed-action patterns are so strongly "encoded" in the nervous system that an animal may sometimes engage in instinctive behaviours when faced with inappropriate stimuli

Accepted Answer

Fixed-action patterns are reflexive behaviors that are so deeply ingrained in an animal's nervous system that they can be triggered by inappropriate stimuli.

Question 13

Drive theorists proposed that behaviour is motivated primarily by the desire to increase pleasant conditions of arousal that result from basic physiological needs

Accepted Answer

Drive theorists actually proposed that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce unpleasant states of arousal that result from basic physiological needs, not to increase them.

Question 14

If extrinsic rewards such as grades are viewed as feedback to help improve one's performance, or if the reward is well earned for intrinsically interesting work successfully performed, intrinsic motivation may be increased

Accepted Answer

When extrinsic rewards are viewed as feedback to help improve one's performance or when they are well earned for intrinsically interesting work, they can increase intrinsic motivation. This is because the reward is seen as an acknowledgement of one's effort and success, rather than the sole reason for performing the task. Additionally, feedback can provide valuable information on how to improve future performance, which can be motivating for individuals seeking to improve their skills and abilities.

Question 15

The evolutionary level of Kenrick's pyramid of needs examines how the various needs evolved through natural selection to help solve specific survival- or reproduction-related problems faced recurrently by our ancestors

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary level of Kenrick's pyramid of needs considers how different needs have evolved through natural selection to help solve survival or reproduction-related problems, making option A true.

Question 16

From Bandura's perspective, all other motivating factors, emotional or cognitive, have at their roots a core belief that we can produce change by our own actions

Accepted Answer

From Bandura's social cognitive theory, all behaviors and emotions are influenced by our beliefs in our ability to produce change through our own actions. Therefore, all other motivating factors have their roots in this core belief.

Question 17

Maslow proposed that high-level needs become activated only when lower-level needs are satisfied

Accepted Answer

This is known as Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to more advanced needs. The basic needs include physiological needs (food, water, shelter), safety needs (security, stability), and love and belonging needs (social connections, relationships). Once these needs are met, people are motivated to pursue self-esteem needs (achievement, recognition) and finally self-actualization needs (fulfillment of one's potential).

Question 18

Those with a high internal locus of control tend to attribute life events to external rather than internal causes

Accepted Answer

Those with a high internal locus of control tend to attribute life events to internal rather than external causes.

Question 19

Personality traits are unstable and have been found to undergo dramatic change throughout adolescence

Accepted Answer

Personality traits are relatively stable over time, although some changes in personality traits can occur, these changes are generally gradual and not dramatic. Adolescence is a period of development and identity formation, but core personality traits tend to remain consistent.

Question 20

Getting high on recreational drugs or alcohol is a good example of behaviour that is often needs-based and motivated by self-actualization

Accepted Answer

Getting high on recreational drugs or alcohol is not a good example of behaviour that is needs-based and motivated by self-actualization. It is usually an attempt to escape reality or cope with negative emotions, which shows a deficiency on lower levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, such as safety and esteem. True examples of self-actualization include pursuing one's passions, seeking personal growth, and fulfilling one's potential.

Quiz 16: Motivation

A person's belief about his or her ability to produce change or accomplish a specific task through his or her efforts is called

People who are high in internal locus of control have a tendency toward high

Dweck (2000) is best known for her work on

Sam holds the view that no matter how hard he works it will not make a difference to his exam result, Sam is likely to have a

A growth mindset is based on the belief that intelligence is changeable, this believe is called the

This term describes the homeostatic drive state intended to satisfy needs for immediate energy and/or overall nutrition.

In some instances it has been proposed that extrinsic motivation might undermine rather than support the learning experience in humans, particularly if the learning experience is intrinsically interesting, this is often referred to as

Harris and Campbell (1999) concluded that

In their study examining secondary gains from unplanned pregnancies, Harris and Campbell (1999) found that

An internal locus of control has been associated with