Question 1

Fuzzy boundaries are features of most concepts, occurring when it is not precisely clear where a concept _________and _____.

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Question 2

According to Kahneman, _________thought is rapid, intuitive, effortless, and automatic. It is generally not under voluntary control. However, if a task requires concentration, or full attention to perform well, we have to use _________thought.

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Question 3

A(n) _________is a mental shortcut designed to help us make judgments and decisions when all the facts are not known. In contrast, a(n)_________is a step-by-step system that can solve any problem of a given type.

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Question 4

Unfortunately, most people do not take __________information into account when they make judgments of the likelihood of some event.

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Question 5

When faced with baldly disconfirming evidence, a person may engage in mental gymnastics to play down its relevance or credibility, a process known as ______.

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Question 6

_________is the quality of language that allows a person to use the relatively small number of words and grammatical structures of a language to compose a theoretically infinite number of sentences expressing an infinite number of new thoughts and ideas.

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Question 7

The rules for __________are expressed by linguists in this way: "If a language has X (e.g., some particular way of placing a verb) it will also have Y (some way of utilizing nouns)."

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Question 8

According to the __________hypothesis, language is one of many factors affecting the way people construe reality.

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Question 9

_________occurs when a person has reached an impasse in attempts to solve a problem and then suddenly and effortlessly arrives at a solution

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Question 10

The ___________allows children to learn language effortlessly, even though they are exposed to only a few of the words and constructions possible in the language.

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Question 11

Daniel Kahneman's metaphorical Systems 1 and 2 describe the various degrees of complexity of our thoughts and thought processes. Briefly characterize each system and illustrate how they might be at work while humans solve problems using heuristics

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Question 12

Characterize the strengths of the evidence for an innate capacity for human language. In your answer, describe Noam Chomsky's theories, including the internal language faculty. Discuss two examples of research that support Chomsky's views

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Question 13

Several studies have examined the linguistic abilities of nonhuman primates. Pick two such cases and describe the aspects of human language that primates can learn. Also, describe the limits of such research on nonhuman language learning.

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Question 14

Evaluate the notions of linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity with regard to the examples of cross-cultural variations and universals in concepts

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Quiz 10: Thinking and Language

Fuzzy boundaries are features of most concepts, occurring when it is not precisely clear where a concept _____and _.

According to Kahneman, _thought is rapid, intuitive, effortless, and automatic. It is generally not under voluntary control. However, if a task requires concentration, or full attention to perform well, we have to use _thought.

A(n) _is a mental shortcut designed to help us make judgments and decisions when all the facts are not known. In contrast, a(n)_is a step-by-step system that can solve any problem of a given type.