Kyphosis as a Result of Osteoporosis Leads to Shortness of Breath

Kyphosis as a result of osteoporosis leads to shortness of breath and abdominal pain due to ____.

A) biochemical changes in the respiratory and digestive systems
B) a reduction in blood circulation to the chest and abdomen
C) compression of the aorta and superior vena cava
D) reduction in the spaces of the chest and abdominal cavities