Question 1

According to the diathesis-stress model,

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model proposes that mental disorders develop from the interaction between a pre-existing vulnerability (diathesis) and stressful life events. Therefore, it is possible to inherit a diathesis but never develop a disorder if the individual does not encounter enough stress to trigger it. Option A is incorrect as it suggests mental disorders will always develop under stressful conditions. Option B is incorrect as not every individual with a diathesis will necessarily develop the disorder. Option C is incorrect as the model assumes that both inherited tendencies and stressful life events interact to lead to the development of a mental disorder.

Question 2

The basis of the multidimensional integrative approach to understanding psychopathology is that each dimension (psychological,biological,emotional,etc.)

Accepted Answer

The multidimensional integrative approach to understanding psychopathology emphasizes the interconnectedness of the various dimensions (psychological, biological, emotional, etc.) and how they influence one another. Therefore, the best choice is D, which states that each dimension is influenced by the other dimensions.

Question 3

Within the multidimensional integrative approach to understanding psychopathology,learned helplessness is considered a(n)______ dimension.

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness is a psychological dimension as it is related to an individual's cognitive and behavioral responses to stressful situations. It involves the belief that one has no control over negative events, leading to feelings of helplessness and hopelessness.

Question 4

The best description of the multidimensional integrative approach to understanding psychopathology is that it is based on

Accepted Answer

The multidimensional integrative approach to understanding psychopathology is based on both biological and psychological causes. This approach takes into account various factors that contribute to the development of mental disorders, such as genetics, brain structure, life experiences, and societal influences. By considering multiple dimensions, this approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of psychopathology and allows for a more personalized and effective treatment approach.

Question 5

One of the problems with adopting a one-dimensional biological causal model of abnormality is

Accepted Answer

A one-dimensional biological model ignores psychological and sociocultural factors as well as environmental influences and any interactions with other contributing factors. It oversimplifies the complex nature of abnormality and reduces its causes to a single biological factor.

Question 6

Inga is a charming and intelligent young lady who is well-liked by family and friends.Approximately ______ of Inga's enduring personality traits and cognitive abilities can be attributed to genetic influence.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that about 50% of our enduring personality traits and cognitive abilities can be attributed to genetic influence, with the remaining 50% being shaped by environmental factors and experiences. However, it's important to note that this is just an estimate and there is variability depending on the specific trait or ability being measured.

Question 7

Your uncle spent most of his teen years in a hospital undergoing treatment for a severe physical illness.As an adult,he is rather shy and withdrawn,particularly around women.He has been diagnosed with social phobia,which you believe is entirely due to lack of socialization during his teen years.Your theory or model of what caused his phobia is ________.

Accepted Answer

The one-dimensional model suggests that one specific factor caused the phobia, in this case, lack of socialization during the teen years. The other models (multidimensional, integrative, and biological) consider multiple factors contributing to the development of a psychological disorder.

Question 8

According to the multidimensional integrative approach to psychopathology,the following statement is true for most psychological disorders:

Accepted Answer

The multidimensional integrative approach to psychopathology suggests that most psychological disorders are caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. While genetics play a role in the development of some disorders, they are not the only factor. Therefore, if one monozygotic twin has a particular psychological disorder, the other twin is more likely to have the disorder than the rest of the population, but it is not a guarantee. This is because each twin may experience different environmental factors and life events that influence the expression of their genetic predisposition.

Question 9

In the diathesis-stress model,"diathesis" refers to

Accepted Answer

Diathesis refers to an inherited tendency or condition that makes a person susceptible to developing a disorder. The diathesis-stress model proposes that both biological and environmental factors contribute to the development of mental disorders, with diathesis increasing a person's vulnerability to psychiatric disorders and stressors triggering the onset of the disorder. Option A is too narrow because diathesis can refer to more than just inherited disorders, and option B is not specific enough as it does not mention the inherited aspect of diathesis. Option D is not accurate because the diathesis-stress model does not suggest the inheritance of multiple disorders.

Question 10

Recent evidence regarding the genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that

Accepted Answer

Recent evidence has shown that multiple genes interact with each other, with each gene contributing a small effect, in influencing most psychological disorders. There is no single gene responsible for these disorders, and they are not usually strictly recessive. Therefore, options A and B are incorrect. Option C is also incorrect as there is clear evidence that genes have an influence on psychopathology.

Question 11

According to the diathesis-stress model,psychopathology is the result of the

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model proposes that psychopathology is the result of the interaction of an inherited tendency (or diathesis) and events or circumstances in a person's life that act as stressors. This model suggests that individuals may have a predisposition to developing a disorder, but the actual manifestation of the disorder will depend on the interplay between their genetic vulnerability and the stressors they encounter in their environment.

Question 12

The most accurate way to think of genes is that they

Accepted Answer

Genes set the boundaries for our development by providing a range of possible outcomes for both our physical and psychological characteristics. They do not rigidly determine outcomes but rather influence the range of possibilities within environmental contexts.

Question 13

Most psychological disorders appear to be influenced by many individual genes rather than caused by one single gene,a process referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

Polygenic refers to the influence of multiple genes on the development of a trait or disorder. Most psychological disorders are believed to be influenced by the combined effects of many genes, rather than being caused by a single gene.

Question 14

The procedures referred to as quantitative genetics are used to

Accepted Answer

Quantitative genetics is a field that analyzes the effects of multiple genes on complex traits such as height or obesity. It is used to estimate the heritability of a trait, which is the proportion of variability that is due to genetic factors. This information can be used in breeding programs or in understanding the genetic basis of diseases. It is not used for genetic counseling, correcting genetic abnormalities or testing the multidimensional integrative model.

Question 15

According to the diathesis-stress model,monozygotic twins raised in the same household will

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model suggests that psychological disorders develop due to a combination of genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and stressful environmental factors. Even if monozygotic twins share the same genetic makeup, differences in their experiences (stress) can lead to different outcomes in terms of psychological disorders.

Question 16

According to recent estimates,genetic contributions to the development of most psychological
Disorders are __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to recent estimates,genetic contributions to the...

Question 17

The most recent estimates are that genetics contribute approximately __________ to the development of personality characteristics such as shyness or activity level.

Accepted Answer

The most recent estimates suggest that genetics contribute around 30-50% to the development of personality characteristics such as shyness or activity level. This means that while genetics play a role, environmental factors and experiences also significantly impact personality development.

Question 18

Amanda is 12 years old,and her sister Samantha is five years old.While riding in a car with their parents,the girls witness a major automobile accident where a number of people are injured.The girls react very differently to the accident.This is probably due to

Accepted Answer

The girls' different reactions are likely due to developmental differences as Amanda, being older, likely has more developed coping skills and emotional regulation compared to her younger sister Samantha.

Question 19

In the diathesis-stress model,"stress" refers to

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model proposes that a person inherits a vulnerability (diathesis) for a disorder and that stress is what triggers the disorder. Stress refers to life events that are significant enough to disrupt a person's equilibrium and activate the diathesis. Option B is incorrect as it suggests that inherited tendencies alone lead to a disorder. Option C is incorrect because not all disorders are caused by defective genes. Option D is incorrect as it refers to extreme environmental conditions that are not necessarily related to stress.

Question 20

Referring to behavior and personality as polygenic means that both are

Accepted Answer

Polygenic means behavior and personality are influenced by many genes, with each individual gene contributing a relatively small effect. This is consistent with current research on complex traits and the understanding that multiple genes interact to produce a behavioral or personality outcome.

Quiz 2: N Integrative Approach To Psychopathology