Question 1

Describe schizophrenia in terms of incidence, diagnosis, and symptoms. Distinguish between positive, negative and cognitive symptoms.

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Question 2

Describe two structural and two functional abnormalities that have been reported in schizophrenia.

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Question 3

The genetic basis of schizophrenia has been explored by family studies, twin studies, linkage studies, searching for candidate genes, and using the microarray technique. Describe evidence from three of these research areas.

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Question 4

Explain the current thinking on the biopsychosocial etiology of schizophrenia, including the early, latent, and late stages.

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Question 5

Describe the amphetamine-induced stereotypy model of schizophrenia. Include evidence that supports the model's usefulness for understanding schizophrenia.

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Question 6

Describe the evidence linking glutamate abnormalities to schizophrenia, including findings from studies with PCP. What do these findings suggest for treatment possibilities?

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Question 7

Explain how a dopamine receptor partial agonist can both reduce and increase DA activity and indicate how this could be useful in the treatment of schizophrenia.

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Question 8

Describe the characteristics and possible neurochemical basis of one of the following serious side effects of neuroleptic medications: parkinsonian symptoms and tardive dyskinesia.

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Question 9

Describe the findings showing that there may be genetic risk factors that make certain people more predisposed to antipsychotic medication side effects.

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Question 10

How has schizophrenia been treated in the past? What happened in the 1950s to change this situation? Describe the typical course of schizophrenia, and indicate how patients are treated today.

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Question 11

Explain why the atypical neuroleptics are referred to as broad-spectrum antipsychotics. Name most well-known drug in this category and identify its advantages and disadvantages over older medications. Is it a perfect solution for schizophrenia? Why or why not?

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Question 12

Describe the research efforts currently underway to address the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, including work focused on dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate.

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Question 13

Cite evidence that shows that the traditional neuroleptics exert their clinical effects on the dopamine system, specifically dopamine receptors. Describe the homeostatic changes at the synapse that most likely account for the therapeutic effectiveness.

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Question 14

List the four major dopamine pathways in the brain and identify the antipsychotic drug side effects associated with each. In general, how do doctors manage side effects when prescribing drugs for patients with schizophrenia?

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Quiz 19: Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs