Question 1

Which of the following would you expect to observe in an individual experiencing a state of dissociated anesthesia?

Accepted Answer

Dissociated anesthesia is a state in which a person appears to be conscious but is detached from their environment and may not respond to external stimuli. The other options (loss of muscle tone, closed eyes, relaxed unconsciousness) do not necessarily indicate dissociated anesthesia.

Question 2

When individuals are in the ketamine-induced dissociated state, they report all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Ketamine-induced dissociation typically involves experiences such as feeling "at one" with the universe, sensations of leaving the physical body, and visions of spiritual or supernatural beings. However, the sense that time is moving at high speed is not commonly reported; instead, users might experience altered perceptions of time, which can include time slowing down rather than speeding up.

Question 3

Self-administration studies in animals have shown that

Accepted Answer

Self-administration studies in animals have consistently shown that both PCP and ketamine are highly reinforcing and produce strong reward effects for several species. These drugs are known to activate the brain's reward system, leading to their abuse potential and addictive properties.

Question 4

Which statement about the use and abuse of ketamine is false?

Accepted Answer

Ketamine can cause dependence and addiction, particularly with repeated use at high doses.

Question 5

Which statement about dextromethorphan is false?

Accepted Answer

Dextromethorphan does not directly affect opiate receptors like codeine. It acts on the cough reflex in the brain, but has no direct effects on the respiratory or cardiovascular systems.

Question 6

Which statement about dextromethorphan abuse is false?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false as dextromethorphan abuse can actually be dangerous, even though the drug is available over the counter. Overdosing on dextromethorphan can lead to serious side effects such as seizures, respiratory depression, and even death.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a method that PCP or ketamine is typically administered?

Accepted Answer

PCP and ketamine are not typically administered transdermally. They are usually administered orally, by inhalation or smoking, or intramuscularly.

Question 8

Identify common characteristics of hallucinogenic drugs. Name two hallucinogenic drugs that come from nature and describe the importance of each drug in the history of a people or culture.

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Question 9

Describe the proposed series of cellular events that occur after taking a psychedelic drug that produces a psychedelic experience, or "trip."

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Explain the difference between indoleamine and phenethylamine hallucinogens. Give an example of each. What receptors do these hallucinogens act on? How does salvinorin A fit into the hallucinogen family?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Describe the discovery of LSD by Hofmann and its subsequent applications in research, therapy, and government projects. Where does LSD stand today as a clinical tool?

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Question 12

Describe the typical stages of an LSD "trip," including onset and duration.

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Question 13

Describe the following possible adverse reactions to hallucinogenic drug use: a "bad trip," flashbacks, and HPPD. What is the most severe adverse reaction to LSD use?

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Question 14

Distinguish between PCP and ketamine in terms of their pharmaceutical development, safety, and effects. Are these drugs used recreationally?

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Describe the subjective and behavioral effects of low-dose PCP. What happens when subjects are given higher doses? List several experiences reported by ketamine users while in the dissociated state (some associated with the K-hole).

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Where do PCP and ketamine exert their effects at the synapse? How might this relate to some of the cognitive changes that occur in the drug state?

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Using data from animal studies and reports from human users, determine the reward value of PCP and ketamine. In other words, how much do people and animals like these drugs, and how do we know?

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

What makes certain types of cough syrup and cold tablets attractive to individuals looking for a PCP-like drug experience? Identify the active ingredient in this process and explain how it works in the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 15: Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine