Question 1

If we say Ted is high on the personality trait of assertiveness,we would expect that he will act assertively
A)all of the time.
B)more often than someone low in assertiveness.
C)in some situations that call for assertiveness, but not in others.
D)because he puts himself in situations that call for assertion.

Accepted Answer

If Ted is high on the personality trait of assertiveness, we would expect him to act assertively more often than someone low in assertiveness. However, it does not necessarily mean he will act assertively all of the time because situational factors may influence his behavior, and he may not always put himself in situations that call for assertion.

Question 2

A man is said to have one personality trait that dominates his personality.Allport would identify this personality trait as a
A)common trait.
B)central trait.
C)cardinal trait.
D)secondary trait.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

A psychologist collects data from a large number of people.She places each person on a continuum ranging from high to low conscientiousness and makes predictions about how people in the high range will act compared to those in the low range.This psychologist is using which approach to understanding personality?
A)Type approach
B)Nomothetic approach
C)Idiographic approach
D)Common trait approach

Accepted Answer

The psychologist is using a nomothetic approach, which focuses on identifying general principles and patterns that apply to all people. By placing each person on a continuum and making predictions based on that, the psychologist is looking for broad patterns that apply to groups of people, rather than individual differences (as in the idiographic approach) or categorical distinctions (as in the type approach). This approach is often used in trait theories of personality, which seek to identify broad dimensions of individual differences that apply to everyone.

Question 4

Typology systems make each of the following assumptions except one.Which one?
A)Each person belongs in one personality category.
B)All people within a personality category are basically alike.
C)People in one personality category are distinctly different from people in other categories.
D)Not all people can be classified into a type category, but most of them can.

Accepted Answer

Typology systems acknowledge that not all individuals can be neatly categorized into a single type. While they propose general categories, they recognize that there are variations and individual differences within each category.

Question 5

According to Allport,which of the following is true about central traits?
A)They are basically the same for all people.
B)They are useful when examining personality through the nomothetic approach.
C)They are useful when examining personality through the idiographic approach.
D)They are comprised of a number of secondary traits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Allport,which of the following is...

Question 6

Which of the following assumptions underlies the trait approach to personality?
A)Personality characteristics are relatively stable over time.
B)Each person belongs in one and only one personality category.
C)People in one personality category are distinctly different from people in other categories.
D)Personality can change as a function of the situation the person is in.

Accepted Answer

The trait approach to personality assumes that personality characteristics are relatively stable over time. This means that individuals have consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and these traits are enduring and persistent across different situations and contexts.

Question 7

Which theorist identified psychogenic needs as the basic elements of personality?
A)Gordon Allport
B)Raymond Cattell
C)Carl Jung
D)Henry Murray

Accepted Answer

Henry Murray identified psychogenic needs as the basic elements of personality, which he defined as "major drives and impulses that are either innate or acquired through experience, and which motivate an individual to take action to satisfy them." Murray's theory of personality also included the concept of "presses," which are environmental factors that can either facilitate or hinder the satisfaction of these needs.

Question 8

Which theorist had a strong influence on Henry Murray's theorizing about personality?
A)Gordon Allport
B)Alfred Adler
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Carl Jung

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung's theories, especially his ideas on the collective unconscious and archetypes, had a significant influence on Henry Murray's development of his theory of personality. Murray incorporated aspects of Jung's work into his own theories, including the concept of personology.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about the trait approach?
A)No major schools of psychotherapy have evolved from the trait approach.
B)The trait approach is the best approach for predicting change in personality.
C)Most trait researchers do not focus on predicting behavior.
D)Trait theorists place emphasis on identifying the mechanisms that determine behavior.

Accepted Answer

The trait approach primarily focuses on identifying and measuring individual personality characteristics. No major schools of psychotherapy have directly evolved from this approach, as it is more concerned with the description and categorization of personality traits rather than the development of therapeutic methods.

Question 10

The trait approach is built on the assumption that personality characteristics are relatively stable over time and that
A)personality characteristics are relatively stable over situations, too.
B)through trait descriptions we can make comparisons across people.
C)the typical behavior of a person with one trait is different from that of another.
D)while explanation is not possible, trait researchers focus on describing personality.

Accepted Answer

The trait approach assumes that personality characteristics are stable over time and situations, which is reflected in the consistency of behavior across different contexts.

Question 11

Traits were introduced into the field of personality psychology by
A)Gordon Allport
B)Raymond Cattell
C)Carl Jung
D)Henry Murray

Accepted Answer

Gordon Allport is credited with introducing the concept of traits in personality psychology. He defined traits as "those neuropsychic structures which initiate and guide consistent forms of adaptive and expressive behavior."

Question 12

"If asked why Carol hugged Tom,we say it is because Carol is affectionate; however,if asked how we know Carol is affectionate,we say it is because she hugged Tom." This example is used to criticize which approach to personality?
A)Psychoanalytic
B)Trait
C)Humanistic
D)Behavioral/social learning

Accepted Answer

This example criticizes the trait approach to personality, highlighting the circular reasoning often involved in trait explanations, where behaviors are used to infer traits, and traits are then used to explain those same behaviors.

Question 13

In terms of personality development,Allport believed that
A)infants learn they have little control over their environment.
B)infants at birth have no concept of themselves as distinct from the environment.
C)the child's concept of "self" develops from the genetic blueprint.
D)infants know from birth that their body is different from other objects.

Accepted Answer

Allport believed that infants at birth have no concept of themselves as distinct from the environment and that the concept of "self" gradually develops through experience and interaction with the environment. This idea is consistent with the theory of self-concept development proposed by other developmental psychologists like Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget.

Question 14

Sometimes a man with a high need for Affiliation will engage in social interactions,but sometimes he will not.According to Murray,what determines the man's affiliation behavior?
A)Whether or not he has recently spent time with people
B)The strength of his need for Affiliation relative to other needs
C)The need for Affiliation levels of other people
D)His need for Power

Accepted Answer

According to Murray, a person's behavior is determined by the strength of their needs relative to other needs. Therefore, it is the strength of the man's need for Affiliation relative to his other needs that will determine his affiliation behavior.

Question 15

Which approach to personality has relatively little to say about why people behave the way they do?
A)Trait
B)Humanistic
C)Behavioral/social learning
D)Cognitive

Accepted Answer

The trait approach focuses on identifying and measuring individual personality characteristics, but it does not deeply explore the underlying reasons or motivations for behavior.

Question 16

People with traits that dominate their personality can be described with a
A)cardinal trait.
B)central trait.
C)idiographic map.
D)secondary trait.

Accepted Answer

Cardinal traits are those that dominate a person's personality and are considered the most influential.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the trait approach to personality?
A)Trait researchers generally are not interested in understanding and predicting the behavior of a single individual.
B)It is not easy to make comparisons across people with the trait approach.
C)The trait approach has been responsible for generating a number of useful approaches to psychotherapy.
D)Trait theorists place a greater emphasis on discovering the mechanisms underlying behavior than do theorists from other approaches to personality.

Accepted Answer

Trait researchers are interested in understanding and predicting behavior across a group of people, rather than focusing on the behavior of a single individual.

Answer: B
 Comparisons can be difficult with the trait approach because traits may manifest differently in different individuals.

Answer: C
 The trait approach has not been responsible for generating approaches to psychotherapy.

Answer: D
 Trait theorists do focus on discovering the mechanisms underlying behavior, but this does not necessarily mean they place a greater emphasis on this than theorists from other approaches to personality.

Question 18

The idiographic approach to personality has advantages. For example,
A)researchers can compare all people on measures of a certain trait.
B)it reveals common traits.
C)the person rather than the researcher determines what traits to examine.
D)it provides information about the relationship between traits and behavior.

Accepted Answer

The idiographic approach allows the person being studied to determine what traits are examined, which can lead to a more personalized and accurate understanding of that individual's personality. This can be advantageous as it allows for a more in-depth analysis of an individual's uniqueness instead of generalizing all people into one category.

Question 19

Allport called the five to 10 traits that best describe an individual's personality
A)central traits.
B)common traits.
C)cardinal traits.
D)the Big Five.

Accepted Answer

Allport referred to these traits as "central traits" because they are the most significant and consistent in an individual's behavior.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a psychogenic need?
A)Sexual intercourse
B)Affiliation
C)Autonomy
D)Safety

Accepted Answer

Safety is not a psychogenic need, as it is a basic physiological need required for survival, as defined by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. The other options, sexual intercourse, affiliation, and autonomy, are psychogenic needs that relate to social and psychological well-being.

Quiz 7: The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

If we say Ted is high on the personality trait of assertiveness,we would expect that he will act assertively

A man is said to have one personality trait that dominates his personality.Allport would identify this personality trait as a

Typology systems make each of the following assumptions except one.Which one?

According to Allport,which of the following is true about central traits?

Which of the following assumptions underlies the trait approach to personality?

Which theorist identified psychogenic needs as the basic elements of personality?

Which theorist had a strong influence on Henry Murray's theorizing about personality?

Which of the following statements is true about the trait approach?

The trait approach is built on the assumption that personality characteristics are relatively stable over time and that

Traits were introduced into the field of personality psychology by

"If asked why Carol hugged Tom,we say it is because Carol is affectionate; however,if asked how we know Carol is affectionate,we say it is because she hugged Tom." This example is used to criticize which approach to personality?

In terms of personality development,Allport believed that

Sometimes a man with a high need for Affiliation will engage in social interactions,but sometimes he will not.According to Murray,what determines the man's affiliation behavior?

Which approach to personality has relatively little to say about why people behave the way they do?

People with traits that dominate their personality can be described with a

Which of the following is true about the trait approach to personality?

The idiographic approach to personality has advantages. For example,

Allport called the five to 10 traits that best describe an individual's personality

Which of the following is not a psychogenic need?