Question 1

After its long population decline beginning at the time of European contact, what was the approximate size of the Native American population in the United States at its lowest point (1890 CE)?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Since 1970, all projects with federal funding must identify, avoid, or mitigate impacts on archaeological sites, which has resulted in 70% of new careers in archaeology being in the area of __________________.

Accepted Answer

The requirement to identify, avoid, or mitigate impacts on archaeological sites with federal funding has resulted in the development of cultural resource management as a field, making it the best choice for the area of new careers in archaeology.

Question 3

NAGPRA requires that human remains linked to extant Native American groups be offered for repatriation. What else does this act cover?

Accepted Answer

NAGPRA covers not only human remains, but also sacred objects that are considered culturally significant to Native American tribes. It does not cover historic documents, artistic artifacts, or land.

Question 4

All are significant outcomes of the Bears Ears proclamation, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The Bears Ears proclamation sought to protect 1.35 million acres of land, not give them to development investors. A, C, and D are all significant outcomes of the proclamation.

Question 5

Which was the first European city in the Americas?

Accepted Answer

La Isabela was founded by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage to the Americas in 1493, making it the first European city in the Americas. St. Augustine was founded in 1565 but is considered the oldest continuously inhabited European-established city in the continental United States. Plymouth was founded by English separatists in 1620 but is not considered a city. Merida was founded in 1542 by Francisco Montejo but was not the first European city in the Americas.

Question 6

The Mississippian town of Etowah underwent multiple periods of construction until its final abandonment due to European colonization. What features were consistently present through all its periods of occupation?

Accepted Answer

Mounds were consistently present through all periods of occupation in Etowah. While palisades, ring ditches, and houses were also important features, they were not necessarily present in all periods of occupation.

Question 7

Santa Catalina de Guale was a hybrid of __________________ and __________________ influences.

Accepted Answer

Santa Catalina de Guale was a mission established by Spanish colonial settlers in Georgia, and was influenced by the indigenous Mississippian culture of the region.

Question 8

Which act protects archaeological sites on federal land and authorizes the president to designate national monuments?

Accepted Answer

The Antiquities Act, passed in 1906, gives the President of the United States the authority to designate protected areas known as national monuments on federal lands. It is primarily used to protect archaeological sites and historic landmarks, as well as natural features like canyons, forests, and wildlife habitats. The Act allows for the preservation of areas that hold significant cultural or historic value for the nation as a whole.

Question 9

Which Act criminalized the looting of artifacts on public or Indian land?

Accepted Answer

The Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA) was enacted in 1979 to combat the increasing problem of archaeological site looting and vandalism. ARPA makes it a federal crime to excavate, remove, damage, or deface any archaeological resource located on public or Indian lands without a permit. ARPA also established a permitting process for legitimate archaeological research and investigation.

Question 10

Who were the first Europeans to contact Native Americans and establish a temporary colony?

Accepted Answer

The Norse, also known as Vikings, were the first Europeans to make contact with Native Americans around the year 1000 AD when they established a temporary colony in Newfoundland, Canada. The Spanish arrived in the Americas in 1492, but they did not make contact with Native Americans until they reached the Caribbean islands. The French arrived in the Americas in the 16th century and established several colonies, but they did not encounter Native Americans until later. The British arrived in the Americas in the early 17th century and established the colony of Jamestown in 1607, but they did not come into contact with Native Americans until shortly after.

Question 11

The two-way flow of domesticates and technology across the Atlantic after 1492 is known as __________________.

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the exchange of domesticates (plants and animals) and technology between Europe and the Americas after Columbus's voyages in 1492 is known as the Columbian exchange. This was a two-way flow of resources that had a profound impact on both sides of the Atlantic, leading to the introduction of new crops, livestock, diseases, and ideas. The other choices (B, C, D) are not accurate descriptions of this historical phenomenon.

Question 12

All items listed are examples of goods introduced from the Americas to Europe after 1492, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Wheat is native to the Old World and was not introduced from the Americas.

Question 13

What material culture is associated with the widespread popularity of tobacco in the Americas and eventually in Europe after 1492?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What material culture is associated with the...

Question 14

A "peace pipe" used in social, economic, and political ritual is also referred to as a _________________________.

Accepted Answer

A "peace pipe" used in social, economic, and political ritual is commonly referred to as a calumet.

Question 15

How can an archaeological perspective help address challenges like climate change?

Accepted Answer

Archaeology provides insights into how past societies adapted to long-term environmental changes, offering valuable lessons for addressing current and future climate challenges.

Question 16

The environments of regions that Europeans first colonized in the Americas were never previously modified by humans.

Accepted Answer

The environments of regions that Europeans first colonized in the Americas had been modified by indigenous peoples through practices such as agriculture, hunting, and controlled burns.

Question 17

Over 5 million self-identified Native Americans were registered in the 2000 United States census, which is more than those living in 1492.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The Native American population in the United States has increased significantly since Europeans arrived in 1492. The 2000 census reported over 5 million people identifying as Native American, while it is estimated that there were only 1-2 million Native Americans living in what is now the United States in 1492.

Question 18

The traditional customs of communities that no longer speak indigenous languages are often displayed at gatherings called __________________.

Accepted Answer

Powwows are gatherings that celebrate Native American cultures and traditions, often featuring traditional dances, crafts, and food. They are held by a variety of tribes across the United States, even among those who no longer speak their traditional languages. Kivas are underground chambers used for religious ceremonies by some Southwest Native American tribes, while calumets are ceremonial pipes used in the Great Plains region. Laprets is not a recognized term in Native American culture.

Question 19

Which of the following is a source for testable hypotheses in archaeological research?

Accepted Answer

Oral traditions can provide valuable information and context that can lead to the formulation of testable hypotheses in archaeological research.

Question 20

What occurred in the 1700s that played a role in Native Americans remaining resilient after subjugation of colonial powers?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What occurred in the 1700s that played...

Quiz 14: Archaeology in the Modern World

After its long population decline beginning at the time of European contact, what was the approximate size of the Native American population in the United States at its lowest point (1890 CE) ?