Question 1

Culture is a potential guide for what, which is created through generations of human experience

Accepted Answer

Culture acts as a guide for behavior, shaping how individuals act and interact based on the norms, values, beliefs, and practices that have been developed and passed down through generations.

Question 2

Which of the following approaches to culture focus on the complex sets of perceptions, conceptual designs, and shared beliefs and understandings that underlie the ways in which people live?

Accepted Answer

The ideational approach to culture focuses on the mental constructs and symbolic meanings that shape people's behavior and way of life. It looks at the shared beliefs, values, and ideas that guide individual and collective actions. The other choices do not specifically address this aspect of culture.

Question 3

Some archaeologists believe that ancient cultural behavior was driven by primarily impersonal processes, such as environmental change, population pressure, and technological and economic innovation. These scientists favor what sort of approach to the study of culture?

Accepted Answer

The belief that cultural behavior was primarily driven by impersonal processes such as environmental change, population pressure, technological and economic innovation aligns with an adaptive approach to the study of culture, which focuses on how cultures adapt to changing circumstances.

Question 4

Archaeologists have to work with what kind of remains of human activity that still survive in the ground?

Accepted Answer

Archaeologists work with tangible remains, which are physical objects or structures that can be touched and studied, such as artifacts, ruins, and other material evidence of past human activity.

Question 5

Who argued that human culture is made up of many structurally different parts that articulate with one another within a total cultural system?

Accepted Answer

Leslie White argued that human culture is made up of many structurally different parts that articulate with one another within a total cultural system.

Question 6

A major objective of archaeology is to understand the linkage between cultural and environmental systems as they are reflected in

Accepted Answer

Archaeology studies past human societies through remains of human activity such as artifacts, structures, and environmental evidence. Therefore, the linkage between cultural and environmental systems is reflected in archaeological data, making option B the best choice.

Question 7

The systems approach also has value when archaeologists look at the ideas and beliefs behind an ancient culture. Researchers can discover more about the intangible aspects of human behavior by examining the systematic of archaeological finds of

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is A because patternings refer to the systematic arrangement of archaeological finds, which can provide insights into the ideas and beliefs of an ancient culture.

Question 8

Archaeologist Christopher Donnan found symbols suggesting that the buried lord was a warrior priest, interred in his full regalia, who had once presided over sacrifices of prisoners of war in his analysis of what element of pottery?

Accepted Answer

The symbols suggesting that the buried lord was a warrior priest were found in the painted motifs on the pottery.

Question 9

What do archaeologists use to attempt to consider all of the factors that cause changes in human culture and how these factors affect one another?

Accepted Answer

Archaeologists use the concept of cultural process to attempt to consider all of the factors that cause changes in human culture and how these factors affect one another. Cultural process refers to the ways in which ideas, beliefs, and practices are transmitted, developed, and transformed over time within a particular society. By understanding cultural process, archaeologists can gain insights into the complex interactions between social, economic, political, and environmental factors that shape human cultures.

Question 10

Occuring slowly over time, most changes in human culture have been

Accepted Answer

Cumulative means gradually increasing in amount or intensity over time.

Question 11

The archaeologist has one primary and overriding priority: to preserve and conserve the material remains of the past for future generations. This is called

Accepted Answer

Stewardship is the correct term because it encompasses the responsibility of preserving and conserving archaeological sites and artifacts for future generations, reflecting the broader duty of care and management of cultural heritage.

Question 12

Which is an approach to archaeology that assumes that artifacts can be used to build up generalized pictures of human culture in time and space, and that these pictures can be interpreted?

Accepted Answer

Culture history is an approach to archaeology that assumes that artifacts can be used to build up generalized pictures of human culture in time and space, and that these pictures can be interpreted. Cultural ecology focuses on the relationships between human cultures and their environments, energy ecology is a subset of cultural ecology that emphasizes energy use, and artistic history is a specialized study of the history and evolution of art.

Question 13

Archaeologists use fragmentary animal bones, seeds, and similar surviving evidence to study

Accepted Answer

Archaeologists use fragmentary animal bones, seeds, and similar surviving evidence to study subsistence, which refers to the ways in which people obtain their basic necessities like food and shelter. This type of evidence can provide insights into diet, agricultural practices, hunting and gathering strategies, and other aspects of ancient human lifestyles.

Question 14

Archaeologists are increasingly concerned with social organization and religious beliefs that are known as

Accepted Answer

Intangibles refer to aspects of culture that are not physical objects, such as social organization and religious beliefs.

Question 15

Which American archaeologist described archaeological data as being somewhat akin to an untranslated language that we have to decode if we are to understand human ancient behavior?

Accepted Answer

Lewis Binford is known for his analogy of archaeological data being like an untranslated language that must be deciphered to understand ancient human behavior. He was a prominent figure in the development of processual archaeology, which emphasized scientific methodology and hypothesis testing in archaeological research.

Question 16

What archaeological entity can be described as a place where traces of ancient human activity are found?

Accepted Answer

An archaeological site is a specific location where traces of ancient human activity have been found, including artifacts, structures, cultural remains, and other evidence. A field may contain sites, but it refers to a broader area of study. A tableau is a representation of a scene or event, not a physical location. A discipline is a field of study or specialization, not a physical place.

Question 17

Houses, hearths, storage pits, buried fields, workshop areas, drainage systems-all are examples of an archaeological site's

Accepted Answer

Features are non-portable elements of an archaeological site, such as structures, ditches, or hearths. Houses, hearths, storage pits, buried fields, workshop areas, and drainage systems are all examples of features that can be found at an archaeological site.

Question 18

Stonehenge; the Temple of Amun at Karnak; and the lowland Maya centers at Tikal, Copán, and Palenque are noteworthy especially as what kinds of sites?

Accepted Answer

These sites are known for their ceremonial and religious significance, with Stonehenge and the Temple of Amun at Karnak being associated with ancient pagan religions and the lowland Maya centers at Tikal, Copán, and Palenque being associated with ancient Mayan religion and culture.

Question 19

Which are archaeological finds of cultural significance that were NOT manufactured by humans?

Accepted Answer

Ecofacts are archaeological finds that are not manufactured by humans, but they provide information about human behavior and the environment they lived in. Examples include plant and animal remains, pollen samples, and soil samples. Artifacts are objects that were made or modified by humans, lifeways refer to patterns of behavior and cultural practices, and attributes are characteristics or traits of archaeological finds.

Question 20

The original position of an artifact in time and space gives archeologists what sort of context for them?

Accepted Answer

The original position of an artifact, where it was initially deposited or left, provides archeologists with primary context. This context is crucial for understanding the artifact's original use, significance, and relationship to past human activities.

Quiz 3: Culture and Context