What distinguishes clientelistic linkages from the responsible party and rational party models?

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Clientelistic linkages are based on patronage directed at specific groups, whereas the responsible party and rational party models are based on ideological commitments to policy and a willingness to change policy positions. The responsible party model assumes that parties have clear ideological differences and that voters choose based on these differences, while the rational party model assumes that parties are primarily concerned with winning elections and will adjust their policies accordingly. In contrast, clientelistic linkages involve the exchange of favors between politicians and specific groups of voters, often based on personal relationships rather than ideology.

What Distinguishes Clientelistic Linkages from the Responsible Party and Rational