Question 1

According to Farley and Flota, the likelihood of poverty in female-headed households would be reduced if:

Accepted Answer

The likelihood of poverty in female-headed households would be reduced if women were paid at the same rate for their work as men, publicly funded daycare was available, and health care was publicly funded. These three factors would address some of the main barriers faced by women in achieving financial stability and would allow them to better provide for their families.

Question 2

The poverty rates of African Americans and Hispanic Americans are approximately:

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

Structural inequalities in income and wealth is called:

Accepted Answer

Class stratification refers to the division of society based on economic and social status. Structural inequalities in income and wealth contribute to class stratification, as some individuals and groups have greater access to resources and opportunities than others. Status and division of labor are related concepts, but they do not fully capture the extent of economic inequality and class stratification.

Question 4

Movement up or down in the stratification system relative to the positions of other people is called:

Accepted Answer

Exchange mobility refers to the movement up or down in the stratification system relative to the positions of other people. Choice A, division of labor, refers to the way that different tasks are divided and assigned to different people within a society. Choice B, ascribed status, refers to the status that individuals are born into or given to them by society. Choice D, occupational prestige, refers to the level of respect and honor that is associated with different occupations in society.

Question 5

Which of the following is most influential in regards to upward mobility in class systems?

Accepted Answer

One's ascribed status, or the social status given at birth such as race, family background, or ethnicity, has a significant impact on one's upward mobility in class systems. This is because individuals with lower ascribed statuses may face systemic barriers and discrimination that limit their opportunities for education, employment, and advancement. Income distribution, gender, and caste can also contribute to upward mobility, but they are not as influential as one's ascribed status.

Question 6

If you are born into poverty in the United States,

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals who are born into poverty in the United States have a higher chance of experiencing adult poverty than those who are not. This is due to various factors such as limited access to education, healthcare, and job opportunities. While it is not a guarantee, the odds are statistically higher.

Question 7

According to sociological studies, there is a strong tendency for people to end up:

Accepted Answer

Sociological studies have consistently found that there is a strong correlation between the social class of one's parents and their own social class. This is due to various factors such as access to resources, educational opportunities, and social networks. While it is possible for individuals to move up or down in social class, the likelihood of this happening is heavily influenced by their family background.

Question 8

Which of the following reflects a status inconsistency relating to social class?

Accepted Answer

A status inconsistency occurs when an individual holds different positions on the social hierarchy, resulting in conflicting levels of social class. In this case, a person from a blue-collar family earning an income above the median family income may be seen as having a higher socioeconomic status than their family background suggests, creating a status inconsistency. The other choices either reflect a consistent level of social class (B and C) or do not provide enough information to determine if there is an inconsistency (D).

Question 9

An individual's movement from one place to another on the stratification system is known as:

Accepted Answer

Social mobility refers to an individual's movement from one social class or position to another on the stratification system. Lateral interaction refers to communication or interactions between individuals or groups at the same level of social position. Risky shift refers to the tendency for a group to make riskier decisions than an individual would make alone. Status mobilization refers to the process by which individuals in a society combine resources to create a new status for themselves or others.

Question 10

Compared to some other countries such as Canada, U.S. laws related to labor are:

Accepted Answer

US laws related to labor are generally less favorable to labor compared to Canada. The US is known for having weaker labor laws and less worker protection, with fewer restrictions on employers. For example, Canada has stronger regulations on minimum wage, overtime pay, parental leave, and workplace safety.

Question 11

The level of inequality in the U.S. is comparable to or perhaps higher than inequality in other democratic industrialized countries.

Accepted Answer

According to various measures of income and wealth inequality, the U.S. ranks higher than many other democratic industrialized countries, such as Canada, Germany, and the Scandinavian countries.

Question 12

Poor Americans spend more of their incomes on housing and food than do the non-poor, but they are less adequately housed and fed.

Accepted Answer

According to studies and research, poor Americans spend a larger proportion of their income on housing and food than the non-poor, but they still experience inadequate housing and food access in comparison.

Question 13

Conflict theorists believe that socioeconomic inequality exists because it serves a social need related to productivity.

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists actually believe that socioeconomic inequality exists because it serves the interests of those in power and results in exploitation and oppression of those who are lower on the socioeconomic ladder. They argue that it is not necessary for productivity or social order, but rather a result of a power struggle between different social groups.

Question 14

The income distribution in the United States is becoming more polarized with more people at the top and bottom with fewer in the middle.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true, as income inequality has been increasing in the United States over the past few decades with a larger proportion of the population at both the high and low ends of the income spectrum, and a shrinking middle class.

Question 15

Women and racial ethnic minorities generally receive lower pay and work at lower-status jobs than do white males in the United States.

Accepted Answer

This is a well-documented phenomenon known as the gender pay gap and racial wage gap. Studies consistently show that women and people of color are paid less than their white male counterparts and have limited access to higher-paying jobs and leadership positions.

Question 16

Achieved statuses are the predominant factor influencing success in a class-based system.

Accepted Answer

While achieved statuses, such as education and occupation, can play a role in success in a class-based system, other factors such as social class of origin and access to resources can also be significant factors influencing success.

Question 17

A term similar to social class is __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A term similar to social class is...

Question 18

Movement up or down in the stratification system relative to other people is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Movement up or down in the stratification...

Question 19

Define deindustrialization and explain its affects on society, communities, and families, particularly in U.S. central cities known as the "Rust Belt". What populations are most impacted by deindustrialization? How?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define deindustrialization and explain its affects on...

Question 20

What can be done to counteract the effects of deindustrialization? Identify at least three efforts or projects that can be done to alleviate issues in areas most likely to be impacted by deindustrialization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What can be done to counteract the...

Quiz 6: Stratification: Structured Social Inequality