Question 1

Which type of research might involve long hours of watching television?

Accepted Answer

Content analysis

Question 2

What does it mean to "clean" data?

Accepted Answer

Fixing any typos and other mistakes.

Question 3

How might variable selection for a study be problematic in secondary data analysis?

Accepted Answer

The original researchers might not have measured all of the variables that the next researchers want to use.

Question 4

What must research participants do in order to ensure good validity in simulations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What must research participants do in order...

Question 5

What is a collection and summarization of empirical evidence that meets pre-specified inclusion criteria?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a collection and summarization of...

Question 6

Name one step that we can take to find unpublished research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name one step that we can take...

Question 7

How do primary data sources differ from secondary data sources?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do primary data sources differ from...

Question 8

Which method involves researchers searching for manifest and/or latent content?

Accepted Answer

Content analysis involves researchers searching for manifest (explicitly stated) and/or latent (implied) content in various forms of communication, such as text, images, and audio recordings. Crime mapping involves the visual representation of crime data in a specific area, predictive policing uses data analysis to identify areas and times where crimes are most likely to occur, and secondary analysis involves analyzing data that has already been collected by others for a different purpose.

Question 9

Conducting a systematic search of newspaper coverage of murders of children of different races is an example of ______________.

Accepted Answer

Conducting a systematic search of newspaper coverage of murders of children of different races is an example of content analysis, which involves systematically analyzing and interpreting large amounts of communication data to identify patterns, themes, and biases.

Question 10

Doing a study by taking data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics website is known as _____________.

Accepted Answer

Taking data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics website is an example of secondary data analysis, where researchers use preexisting data for their research. Crime mapping involves visualizing crime data on a map, predictive policing involves using data analysis to make predictions about where crime may occur in the future, and content analysis involves systematically analyzing the content of various forms of media. None of these are applicable to taking data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics website.

Question 11

The _____________ includes a collection of over 25,000 datasets in the social and behavioral sciences.

Accepted Answer

The Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) is a data archive that includes more than 25,000 datasets in the social and behavioral sciences, making it the best choice among the given options. The UCR and NCVS, on the other hand, are both crime-related data sources, while the U.S. Census Bureau primarily provides demographic and economic information.

Question 12

Researchers were able to ethically re-create Stanley Milgram's Obedience to Authority Study using which method?

Accepted Answer

The researchers re-created Milgram's study through simulation, in which participants were placed in a situation that resembled real-life circumstances in order to observe their behavior and reactions.

Question 13

Police in Virginia once used ________ techniques to learn times and locations of gunfire and then used that information to cut down on that problem.

Accepted Answer

Predictive policing uses data analysis and technology to identify patterns and predict where crimes will occur, allowing law enforcement to take proactive measures to prevent them. In this case, the police used technology to detect and locate gunfire, which is a form of predictive policing. Reactive policing, on the other hand, is responding to crimes after they have occurred, and does not involve predicting or preventing future crimes. Content analysis and simulations are not relevant to this situation.

Question 14

According to the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale (SMS), which of the following is the strongest?

Accepted Answer

According to the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale, the classical experiment is considered the strongest because it involves random assignment of participants to groups, manipulation of an independent variable, and control of extraneous variables. This design allows for causal inferences to be made about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Question 15

According to the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale (SMS), which of the following is the weakest?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale...

Question 16

What type of study do the scholars who developed the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale (SMS), believe is the minimum level that is adequate for systematic reviews and meta-analysis?

Accepted Answer

The scholars who developed the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale (SMS) believe that a quasi-experiment is the minimum level of research design that is adequate for systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Quasi-experiments are a step above one-group before/after designs and are considered more rigorous because they include a comparison group to control for potential confounding variables. Cross-sectional designs and classical experiments may be more rigorous than quasi-experiments, but they may not always be feasible or ethical.

Question 17

Latent content are obvious, clearly measurable items.

Accepted Answer

Latent content refers to hidden, underlying meanings or symbolism that may not be immediately obvious or measurable.

Question 18

Non-published criminal justice agency data will likely need to be cleaned before it is ready for data analysis.

Accepted Answer

Non-published criminal justice agency data can contain errors, inconsistencies, and missing values that could affect data analysis. Thus, the data will need to be cleaned and processed to ensure that it is accurate, reliable, and ready for analysis.

Question 19

Individual-level data in freely available datasets are always de-identified before the datasets are made available.

Accepted Answer

Freely available datasets are often subjected to de-identification procedures to protect the identity of individuals included in the data, in accordance with ethical guidelines and legal requirements.

Question 20

UCR data may not be appropriate for your study if you are looking to look at crime at the street level.

Accepted Answer

UCR data reports crime at the jurisdictional level (city, county, state) and may not provide enough detail for analysis at the street level.

Quiz 11: Less Obtrusive Methods