What type of study do the scholars who developed the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale (SMS), believe is the minimum level that is adequate for systematic reviews and meta-analysis?

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The scholars who developed the Maryland Scientific Methods Scale (SMS) believe that a quasi-experiment is the minimum level of research design that is adequate for systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Quasi-experiments are a step above one-group before/after designs and are considered more rigorous because they include a comparison group to control for potential confounding variables. Cross-sectional designs and classical experiments may be more rigorous than quasi-experiments, but they may not always be feasible or ethical.

What Type of Study Do the Scholars Who Developed the Maryland