Question 1

Which of the following is not an example of a neotenous feature?

Accepted Answer

Neoteny refers to the retention of juvenile features in the adult organism. Wide smiles are not typically considered a neotenous feature, whereas big eyes, high foreheads, and small noses are examples of traits that make adults appear more juvenile, which is characteristic of neoteny.

Question 2

Which of the following is false regarding research on restorative benefits of nature?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people are innately drawn to environments that are likely to be restorative for them, such as natural scenes with open water or trees.

Question 3

What is the primary difference between the two dominant theories about restorative environments?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

The results of experiments in which participants engage in cognitively demanding tasks before seeking restoration in nature provide support for

Accepted Answer

The results of experiments in which participants engage in cognitively demanding tasks before seeking restoration in nature provide support for Attention Restoration Theory, which suggests that exposure to nature can help restore cognitive abilities that are fatigued by mental effort. There is no reference to psycho-evolutionary theory in this context.

Question 5

The results of experiments in which participants are subject to stressful manipulations before seeking restoration in nature provide support for

Accepted Answer

The answer of The results of experiments in which participants...

Question 6

Which of the following is false regarding research on the restorative effects of nature for children with attention deficit disorders?

Accepted Answer

There is currently not enough evidence from clinical trials to definitively establish the effectiveness of time in nature for reducing attention deficit symptoms. While research results suggest a potential benefit, more studies are needed to fully understand the impact of nature on children with attention deficits.

Question 7

Which of the following is false about wilderness therapy?

Accepted Answer

Most of the empirical evidence for the effectiveness of wilderness therapy actually comes from outcome studies, not field experiments. Field experiments are a specific type of research design that involves manipulating variables in a real-world setting to test causal relationships. Outcome studies, on the other hand, simply assess the effects of an intervention without manipulating any variables. While there have been some field experiments done on wilderness therapy, the majority of research on its effectiveness comes from outcome studies.

Question 8

Wilderness therapy is proposed to be helpful for all of the following groups except

Accepted Answer

Wilderness therapy is generally not proposed as a primary treatment for children with attention deficit disorders, as it may not address the specific needs related to attention and hyperactivity.

Question 9

Ecotherapy is a term used to describe

Accepted Answer

Ecotherapy is a broad term that encompasses all of the above options. It refers to various nature-assisted therapeutic practices that aim to improve mental and emotional well-being by fostering a deeper connection with nature. This can include practices aimed at coping with ecological distress, reconnecting with the ecological unconscious, or more traditional psychological problems, such as anxiety or depression.

Question 10

Which of the following potentially restorative characteristics of natural settings has received the most attention from researchers?

Accepted Answer

Visual features, such as greenery and water, have received the most attention from researchers studying the restorative effects of nature. This is because these visual features are considered to be the most prominent and consistent across different natural settings. Temperature, background sounds, and air quality have also been studied, but to a lesser extent.

Question 11

Which of the following is false about restorative environments?

Accepted Answer

While green foliage is often included in restorative environments, it is not an absolute requirement. Other natural elements such as water, rocks, and trees can also contribute to a restorative environment.

Question 12

Which of the following is false regarding people's attachment to nonhuman animals.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Research has shown that people can become emotionally attached to robotic animals as well, especially in situations where owning a live animal is not feasible or allowed, such as in some assisted living facilities or hospitals.

Question 13

Research on people's interactions with the robot dog AIBO revealed that

Accepted Answer

Research on people's interactions with the robot dog AIBO revealed that the majority of children who interacted with AIBO said they could be friends with it. While artificial life forms may inspire some emotions and behaviors in people, preschoolers were much more affectionate toward a real dog than toward the robot dog, indicating that AIBO does not replicate all the same emotions and behaviors as living creatures do.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an operational definition of nature?

Accepted Answer

Operational definitions specify how a concept is measured or experienced in a specific context. All the given options (wilderness, a photograph of a plant, a view through a window) can serve as operational definitions of nature in different studies or contexts, as they provide concrete, measurable examples of how nature can be observed or represented.

Question 15

Which of the following is not accurate with regard to the results of research on the benefits of contact with nature?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that even passive exposure to nature, such as looking at nature scenes or listening to nature sounds, can have benefits for humans' well-being. Physical interaction with nature is not always necessary for these benefits to be experienced.

Question 16

Which of the following is false about Vitamin D deficiency?

Accepted Answer

The use of sunscreen can contribute to Vitamin D deficiency because it can block the skin's ability to produce Vitamin D from sunlight exposure.

Question 17

Given recent research on the body's gut microbiome, a good prescription for mental health would be to

Accepted Answer

Recent research has shown that exposure to soil bacteria through gardening or interacting with nature can have a positive impact on the gut microbiome, which in turn can improve mental health. Getting more sunlight exposure can also have mental health benefits, but it is not directly related to the gut microbiome. Washing produce to remove soil bacteria is important for food safety, but it can also strip away beneficial bacteria. Using antibacterial soaps can harm both harmful and beneficial bacteria on the skin, potentially disrupting the gut microbiome.

Question 18

Which of the following has not been shown empirically to improve mental health and functioning?

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed have been shown through various studies to have positive effects on mental health and functioning. Exposure to sunlight can improve mood and vitamin D levels, ingestion of certain soil bacteria (like Mycobacterium vaccae) has been linked to increased serotonin levels which can improve mood, and spending time in natural settings has been associated with numerous benefits including reduced stress, improved mood, and enhanced cognitive functioning.

Question 19

Restorative environments are ones that do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Restorative environments replenish attentional capacity, relieve mental fatigue, and relieve stress and negative emotions. However, they may not necessarily promote restful sleep, as this depends on individual factors such as sleep habits and sleep disorders.

Question 20

Which of the following is false about mental health practicioners who practice ecotherapy?

Accepted Answer

The statement that ecotherapy practitioners tend to be located primarily in large metropolitan areas is false. In fact, ecotherapy practitioners are more likely to be located in rural areas where access to nature is more abundant.

Quiz 10: Healing the Split Between Planet and Self