Question 1

Jaunita is a typical six-month-old. How is she most likely to regulate her emotions if she sees a scary object?

Accepted Answer

At six months old, Juanita is likely to regulate her emotions by looking away from the scary object. Infants at this age are still developing their emotional regulatory abilities and are more likely to rely on external sources, such as their caregivers, to help regulate their emotions. While they may display some negative emotions, such as making a sad face, they are not yet capable of intentionally trying to frighten an object away or actively regulating their emotions. Therefore, choice A is the most likely option.

Question 2

Dr. Dundee believes that he has discovered a new childhood emotion that is particular to certain native Australian cultures. If he is accurate, he has most likely discovered a new

Accepted Answer

Dr. Dundee's discovery of a new childhood emotion that is specific to certain native Australian cultures suggests that it may be a complex emotion, which is a blend of basic emotions that may vary across different cultures.

Question 3

Who is most likely exhibiting a complex emotion?

Accepted Answer

Pride is a complex emotion that involves a sense of achievement or accomplishment, as well as a feeling of satisfaction or fulfillment. Katarina's feeling of pride suggests that she has experienced a range of emotions that culminate in this particular feeling. The other options do not necessarily suggest a complex emotion, as they are more straightforward expressions of joy, anger, and fear.

Question 4

Which would be the least sophisticated way for a child to deal with fear of a doctor?

Accepted Answer

Hugging mommy is the least sophisticated way for a child to deal with fear of a doctor because it does not address the underlying fear and anxiety. The other options involve cognitive reframing (A, B, D) and distraction techniques that are more sophisticated and effective in coping with fear.

Question 5

Walt is a preschooler who has an imaginary friend mouse named Mickey. According to recent research, it is most likely that Walt

Accepted Answer

Having an imaginary friend, especially an animal one, is common and developmentally appropriate for preschoolers. It does not indicate any underlying insecurity, lack of praise, or social difficulties. Therefore, it is most likely that Walt is a typical preschooler.

Question 6

Franklin and Benjamin are pretending to go to school. Franklin is pretending to be the teacher, and Benjamin is pretending to be the student. What sort of interaction does this exemplify?

Accepted Answer

This exemplifies cooperative play, as Franklin and Benjamin are assuming different roles and interacting with each other in a pretend scenario. They are working together to create a shared imaginary world, which is a characteristic of cooperative play.

Question 7

Bud and Lou are both playing with blocks. Though they are playing, they smile at each other and trade blocks from time to time. It is most likely that Bud and Lou are involved in

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bud and Lou are both playing with...

Question 8

Research results have provided evidence that the ability to distinguish facial features associated with different emotions first develops as early as _____ of age.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that babies as young as 4 months old can distinguish between different emotional expressions on faces.

Question 9

One-year-old Kendra looks at her mother before entering a new room in a strange house. When her mother smiles, Kendra proceeds to enter the room. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Kendra is using her mother's emotional cues to guide her behavior and make sense of the new environment. This is known as social referencing.

Question 10

One-year-old Mathieu is afraid of the dog because he saw his father react with fear to the same dog. Which term best explains why Mathieu is afraid?

Accepted Answer

Mathieu is demonstrating social referencing, which is when an infant looks to others' emotional expressions to determine how to respond to a new situation or object. In this case, Mathieu's father's fear influenced his own emotional response to the dog.

Question 11

Pride, embarrassment, and guilt are all examples of

Accepted Answer

Pride, embarrassment, and guilt are all considered complex emotions because they involve a combination of basic emotions, cognitive processes, and social factors. In contrast, basic emotions such as happiness or anger are considered more simple and universal across cultures.

Question 12

Alexandra and Anders are playing a game where Anders hides a stuffed animal and Alexandra tries to find it. When she does, Alexandra hides the stuffed animal and Anders tries to find it. This is an example of ________ play.

Accepted Answer

The game being played involves cooperation between Alexandra and Anders as they take turns hiding and seeking the stuffed animal. It is not parallel play, where children may play side-by-side but not necessarily interacting with each other, or prosocial play, which involves sharing and helping behaviors. It is also not simple social play, which may involve basic interactions and observation of others' actions.

Question 13

An example of _____ occurs when a child interprets her parent's facial expression as a cue to determine whether or not to pick up a strange object.

Accepted Answer

Social referencing is when an individual looks to others, such as parents or peers, for information about how to react to a new situation or stimulus. In this case, the child is using the parent's facial expression as a cue to determine whether or not to pick up a strange object, demonstrating social referencing behavior.

Question 14

Complex emotions differ from basic emotions in that complex emotions require some understanding of

Accepted Answer

Complex emotions involve higher cognitive processes such as self-awareness and the understanding of the social and cultural context. Basic emotions, on the other hand, are innate responses to stimuli and do not require understanding or interpretation.

Question 15

Which statement is true regarding make-believe?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that make-believe play promotes cognitive development, including language, memory, and perspective taking skills. Option A is not true as make-believe play can vary across cultures. Option B is incorrect and can be harmful as make-believe play is a normal and healthy way for children to explore and process their emotions. Option D is not true as make-believe can happen without imaginary companions.

Question 16

While the typical 1 1/2-year-old spends the majority of time engaged in ____ play, the typical 4-year-old spends most of his or her time in ____ play.

Accepted Answer

According to child development researchers, the typical 1 1/2-year-old is engaged in parallel play, which means they play alongside others but do not actively interact or cooperate with them. On the other hand, the typical 4-year-old spends most of their time in cooperative play, meaning they interact and work with others towards a common goal or activity. Therefore, choice B, which pairs parallel with cooperative play, is the best answer.

Question 17

The phrase, "interest but no interaction," best describes _____ play.

Accepted Answer

Parallel play is when children play side by side with similar toys or in similar activities, but do not interact directly with each other. They may show interest in what the other is doing, but they are focused on their own activity.

Question 18

Children typically begin to exhibit simple social play around ____ months of age.

Accepted Answer

Children typically begin to exhibit simple social play around 18 months of age. At this age they may begin to show an interest in playing alongside others, but not necessarily interacting with them in a coordinated way.

Question 19

When Adam walks into the dark basement, he feels afraid but is able to calm himself down by saying to himself, "Don't be afraid. There's nothing down here that can hurt you." Apparently, Adam is successfully

Accepted Answer

By using self-talk to calm himself down, Adam is regulating his emotions, or managing his emotional response to the situation.

Question 20

Stan is playing with his ball, and Olly is playing with his doll, but they are each watching what the other is doing. Stan and Olly are most likely involved in

Accepted Answer

Stan and Olly are not directly interacting with each other but are aware of each other's activities. This is characteristic of parallel play, where children play alongside each other but with little or no direct interaction. Cooperative play involves children playing together and working towards a common goal, which is not the case here. Simple social play involves basic interactions between children, such as taking turns or sharing toys, which is not mentioned in the scenario. Prosocial behavior involves actions that benefit others, which is not evident in this scenario.

Quiz 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood