Question 1

Just deserts theory proposes that punishment is

Accepted Answer

Just deserts theory proposes that punishment is morally justified, as it is meant to provide retribution for an offender's wrongdoing. This theory holds that the punishment should fit the crime and that offenders should be held accountable for their actions. It is a retributive approach to justice that is based on the principle of proportionality.

Question 2

"Get tough" laws (e.g., three-strikes, truth-in-sentencing) have been associated with

Accepted Answer

"Get tough" laws are known for longer prison sentences, mandatory minimum sentences, and reduced parole or early release. Such laws lead to an increase in the prison population as more people are sentenced to longer prison terms, resulting in overcrowding and increased expenses for housing inmates.

Question 3

The meta-analysis by Smith, Goggin, and Gendreau (2002) on the effects of imprisonment on recidivism found

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis by Smith, Goggin, and Gendreau (2002) found that imprisonment was associated with a small increase in recidivism rates.

Question 4

A review of intermediate sanctions has found

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that intermediate sanctions with a treatment component are more effective in reducing recidivism compared to punitive measures alone.

Question 5

According to the text, the effectiveness of punishment in suppressing behavior is more likely when

Accepted Answer

The text states that punishment is more effective in suppressing behavior when it immediately follows the behavior. This means that there should be no delay in punishment for it to be effective. Choices A, B, C, and D are not directly supported by the text.

Question 6

Punishment can produce the following unintended effect(s)

Accepted Answer

Punishment can indeed interfere with desirable behaviors by creating a general fear or anxiety that inhibits learning. It can also increase anger towards the punisher, as the recipient may feel resentment or hostility. Additionally, punishment can teach aggressive behavior through modeling, especially if the punishment is physical, demonstrating that aggression is an acceptable response to certain situations. Therefore, all of the listed effects are potential unintended consequences of punishment.

Question 7

Restorative justice

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice views crime as a disruption in the relationship between those harmed by crime and the offender.

Question 8

Many restorative justice programs have the following features:

Accepted Answer

All of the above are common features in restorative justice programs. Face-to-face meetings, offender acknowledgment of responsibility, victim and offender input on amends, and the opportunity for the offender to apologize are all key components to repairing harm and restoring relationships between those affected by crime.

Question 9

The research on restorative justice shows

Accepted Answer

The answer of The research on restorative justice shows
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Question 10

The positive impact of restorative justice on recidivism may be due to

Accepted Answer

The answer of The positive impact of restorative justice on...

Quiz 13: The Failed Experiment: Getting Tough on Crime