Question 1

According to Patricia Hill Collins in "The Meaning of Motherhood in Black Culture and Black Mother-Daughter Relationships," the Eurocentric cult of true womanhood confines women to which of the following activities?

Accepted Answer

The Eurocentric cult of true womanhood confines women to caring for children, nurturing a husband, and maintaining the household. Patricia Hill Collins argues that this limits motherhood in Black culture and Black mother-daughter relationships, as Black women have historically had to take on multiple roles outside of the domestic sphere.

Question 2

In "Revision and Resistance: The Politics of Native Women's Motherwork," Lisa J. Udel argues that Native women's motherwork "emphasizes Native traditions of ' ______ ' as distinguished from Western feminism's notions of ' ______ .'"

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

According to Lisa J. Udel in "Revision and Resistance: The Politics of Native Women's Motherwork," Paula Gunn Allen attributes the pronatalist stance of many Native women to high incidences of ______ .

Accepted Answer

Paula Gunn Allen attributes the pronatalist stance of many Native women to high incidences of coerced sterilization, as it reflects a resistance to historical and ongoing attempts to control Native women's reproductive rights.

Question 4

According to Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo and Ernestine Avila in "'I'm Here, but I'm There': The Meanings of Latina Transnational Motherhood," which of the following factors "set the stage for transnational motherhood?"

Accepted Answer

Hondagneu-Sotelo and Avila identify all three factors (labor demand, civil war, and scarce job opportunities in origin countries) as setting the stage for transnational motherhood among Latina immigrants.

Question 5

In "'I'm Here, but I'm There': The Meanings of Latina Transnational Motherhood," which Latina/o traditions, cultural practices, and ideals do Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo and Ernestine Avila argue "cast employment as oppositional to mothering?"

Accepted Answer

In "'I'm Here, but I'm There': The Meanings of Latina Transnational Motherhood," Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo and Ernestine Avila argue that Catholicism, the ideal of the Virgin Madonna, and the historical figure of La Malinche all contribute to the perception that employment and mothering are oppositional roles for Latina women. They argue that these cultural beliefs make it difficult for Latina mothers to reconcile the competing demands of work and family.

Question 6

In "Falling Back into Gender?: Men's Narratives and Practices around First-Time Fatherhood," Tina Miller notes that her male study participants always describe "hands-on caring" for their children through "supportive, and so secondary, ______ acts."

Accepted Answer

The article specifically mentions "hands-on caring" and describes the acts as "supportive," which implies activities that directly involve taking care of the child or helping the primary caregiver. Task-based is the most fitting adjective in this context. Option B could also be true, but it is not mentioned in the text that the acts are invisible. Option C is unlikely, as it seems out of place in the context of caring for children.

Question 7

What, according to Stephanie Coontz in "Why Gender Equality Stalled," most prevents "people from acting on their egalitarian values, forcing men and women into personal accommodations and rationalizations that do not reflect their preferences" today?

Accepted Answer

According to Stephanie Coontz, it is structural impediments - such as workplace policies, lack of affordable childcare, and traditional gender roles - that prevent people from acting on their egalitarian values and force them into personal accommodations and rationalizations. While personal attitudes and relationships can also play a role, Coontz emphasizes the importance of addressing systemic barriers in achieving gender equality.

Question 8

In "Moving Up with Kin and Community: Upward Social Mobility for Black and White Women," which process do Elizabeth Higginbotham and Lynn Weber define as "moving from a working-class family of origin to a middle-class definition-from a position of working-class subordination to a position of control over the working class?"

Accepted Answer

The answer of In "Moving Up with Kin and Community:...

Question 9

According to Kathryn Edin in "What Do Low-Income Single Mothers Say about Marriage?," many single mothers believe that " ______ was greatly enhanced by a marriage tie to a routinely employed partner earning wages significantly above the legal minimum."

Accepted Answer

According to the sentence, the single mothers believe that their "respectability" is greatly enhanced by marrying a partner who is employed and earns significantly more than the legal minimum wage. Choice B and C are not mentioned in the sentence.

Question 10

In "What Do Low-Income Single Mothers Say about Marriage?," Kathryn Edin writes, "Mothers believe that marital ______ is crucial, at least partially, because of their low ______ of men."

Accepted Answer

The answer of In "What Do Low-Income Single Mothers Say...

Question 11

Discuss the "two interdependent images that together define Black women's roles in White and in African-American families" that Eurocentric perspectives about Black motherhood revolve around, according to Patricia Hill Collins in "The Meaning of Motherhood in Black Culture and Black Mother-Daughter Relationships."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the "two interdependent images that together...

Question 12

Describe the ways in which "gendered language" manifests in youth sports organizations, according to Michael A. Messner and Suzel Bozada-Deas in "Separating the Men from the Moms: The Making of Adult Gender Segregation in Youth Sports."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the ways in which "gendered language"...

Question 13

In "Moving Up with Kin and Community: Upward Social Mobility for Black and White Women," how do Elizabeth Higginbotham and Lynn Weber problematize the "mainstream model of community," which "stresses the rights of individuals to make decisions in their own self-interest, regardless of the impact on the larger society?"

Accepted Answer